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 | Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cpatu.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. |
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Data corrente: |
18/03/2011 |
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Data da última atualização: |
11/11/2022 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Autoria: |
HOHNWALD, S.; ABREU, E. A. A. de; KRUMMEL, T.; TRAUTWEIN, J.; VEIGA, J. B. da; WOLLNY, C. B. A.; AZEVEDO, C. M. B. C. de; GEROLD, G. |
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Afiliação: |
STEFAN HOHNWALD, UNIVERSITY OF GOTTINGEN; ELIANA M. ACIOLI DE ABREU, UFRA; TIMO KRUMMEL, UNIVERSITY OF GOTTINGEN; JULIA TRATWEIN, UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES BINGEN; JONAS BASTOS DA VEIGA, CPATU; CLEMENS B. A. WOLLNY, UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES BINGEN; CELIA MARIA BRAGA C DE AZEVEDO, CPATU; GERHARD GEROLD, UNIVERSITY OF GOTTINGEN. |
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Título: |
Degraded pasture distribution and woody enrichment strategies for pasture fertility preservation in the bragantina region, north-eastern Amazon. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2010 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Erdkunde, v. 64, n. 1, p. 17-31, Jan./Mar. 2010. |
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DOI: |
10.3112/erdkunde.2010.01.02 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
In the densely settled Bragantina region, northern Brazil, smallholder cattle pastures start into compulsory degradation processes indicated, among other factors by the woody encroachment of the resprouting secondary vegetation, nationally called ?capoeira?. By means of Landsat and QuickBird satellite imagery techniques different stages of tree dominated pastures were identified and the distribution of degraded pastures quantified. This was tested in a supervised Landsat classification from 2006 and 2007, taking QuickBird imageries from 2004 and 2005 as additional ground checks. We found that 42% of the rural Bragantinian landscape has already converted into pastures, 28% in advanced stages of above ground pasture degradation. Our reclassification means that the region is still confronted with a serious ecological pasture problem and that conventional land use classifications, climatological models and carbon calculations, based on Landsat imageries only, underestimate pasture distribution and thus lead to inaccurate extrapolations. As the resprouting shrubs of the capoeira are a permanent problem on tropical lowland pastures but, on the other hand, are also the ecological basis of the sustainable slash-and-burn systems of smallholders, we tested some innovative strategies to tolerate various useful woody components of the capoeira on pastures to stabilise them ecologically: first, a buffet trial shows that the ten tested capoeira and some other common domesticated tree species obtain a comparable palatability as well-known woody forage legumes. Thus, Cecropia palmata and Tithonia diversifolia, among others, were as palatable for cattle as the well-known multi-purpose legume Cratylia argentea. As a consequence, these freely accessible tree species should not be slashed but fostered on pastures, like supplementary forage plants. Secondly, it is demonstrated that the multi-purpose forage legumes C. argentea and Flemingia macrophylla perform better under smallholder management than under large scaled farming or even intense management due to the associated prolonged restoration times. In sum, we could demonstrate that woody components (capoeira and/or woody legumes) are more appropriate for the humid tropics than pure grass-monocultures. Based on these experiences, we modified the model of a grass-capoeira-legume pasture, incorporating pastures just as an interim stage of the slash-and-burn system. Forage production could be enhanced in that system by selective slashing of the capoeira (palatable species are tolerated) and by incorporating woody forage legumes. As this biome is known to restore its ecosystem fertility rather in its above-ground biomass than in its poor soils, woody components on pastures are recommended for ecologically sustainable production systems. Furthermore, they might be requisite to mitigate the proclaimed climatic change in the Amazon. MenosIn the densely settled Bragantina region, northern Brazil, smallholder cattle pastures start into compulsory degradation processes indicated, among other factors by the woody encroachment of the resprouting secondary vegetation, nationally called ?capoeira?. By means of Landsat and QuickBird satellite imagery techniques different stages of tree dominated pastures were identified and the distribution of degraded pastures quantified. This was tested in a supervised Landsat classification from 2006 and 2007, taking QuickBird imageries from 2004 and 2005 as additional ground checks. We found that 42% of the rural Bragantinian landscape has already converted into pastures, 28% in advanced stages of above ground pasture degradation. Our reclassification means that the region is still confronted with a serious ecological pasture problem and that conventional land use classifications, climatological models and carbon calculations, based on Landsat imageries only, underestimate pasture distribution and thus lead to inaccurate extrapolations. As the resprouting shrubs of the capoeira are a permanent problem on tropical lowland pastures but, on the other hand, are also the ecological basis of the sustainable slash-and-burn systems of smallholders, we tested some innovative strategies to tolerate various useful woody components of the capoeira on pastures to stabilise them ecologically: first, a buffet trial shows that the ten tested capoeira and some other common domesticated tree spec... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Degradação de pestagem; Sistema agrosilvopastoral; Tipitamba. |
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Thesagro: |
Capoeira. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
F Plantas e Produtos de Origem Vegetal |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03756naa a2200265 a 4500
001 1881516
005 2022-11-11
008 2010 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.3112/erdkunde.2010.01.02$2DOI
100 1 $aHOHNWALD, S.
245 $aDegraded pasture distribution and woody enrichment strategies for pasture fertility preservation in the bragantina region, north-eastern Amazon.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2010
520 $aIn the densely settled Bragantina region, northern Brazil, smallholder cattle pastures start into compulsory degradation processes indicated, among other factors by the woody encroachment of the resprouting secondary vegetation, nationally called ?capoeira?. By means of Landsat and QuickBird satellite imagery techniques different stages of tree dominated pastures were identified and the distribution of degraded pastures quantified. This was tested in a supervised Landsat classification from 2006 and 2007, taking QuickBird imageries from 2004 and 2005 as additional ground checks. We found that 42% of the rural Bragantinian landscape has already converted into pastures, 28% in advanced stages of above ground pasture degradation. Our reclassification means that the region is still confronted with a serious ecological pasture problem and that conventional land use classifications, climatological models and carbon calculations, based on Landsat imageries only, underestimate pasture distribution and thus lead to inaccurate extrapolations. As the resprouting shrubs of the capoeira are a permanent problem on tropical lowland pastures but, on the other hand, are also the ecological basis of the sustainable slash-and-burn systems of smallholders, we tested some innovative strategies to tolerate various useful woody components of the capoeira on pastures to stabilise them ecologically: first, a buffet trial shows that the ten tested capoeira and some other common domesticated tree species obtain a comparable palatability as well-known woody forage legumes. Thus, Cecropia palmata and Tithonia diversifolia, among others, were as palatable for cattle as the well-known multi-purpose legume Cratylia argentea. As a consequence, these freely accessible tree species should not be slashed but fostered on pastures, like supplementary forage plants. Secondly, it is demonstrated that the multi-purpose forage legumes C. argentea and Flemingia macrophylla perform better under smallholder management than under large scaled farming or even intense management due to the associated prolonged restoration times. In sum, we could demonstrate that woody components (capoeira and/or woody legumes) are more appropriate for the humid tropics than pure grass-monocultures. Based on these experiences, we modified the model of a grass-capoeira-legume pasture, incorporating pastures just as an interim stage of the slash-and-burn system. Forage production could be enhanced in that system by selective slashing of the capoeira (palatable species are tolerated) and by incorporating woody forage legumes. As this biome is known to restore its ecosystem fertility rather in its above-ground biomass than in its poor soils, woody components on pastures are recommended for ecologically sustainable production systems. Furthermore, they might be requisite to mitigate the proclaimed climatic change in the Amazon.
650 $aCapoeira
653 $aDegradação de pestagem
653 $aSistema agrosilvopastoral
653 $aTipitamba
700 1 $aABREU, E. A. A. de
700 1 $aKRUMMEL, T.
700 1 $aTRAUTWEIN, J.
700 1 $aVEIGA, J. B. da
700 1 $aWOLLNY, C. B. A.
700 1 $aAZEVEDO, C. M. B. C. de
700 1 $aGEROLD, G.
773 $tErdkunde$gv. 64, n. 1, p. 17-31, Jan./Mar. 2010.
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Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (CPATU) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Soja. |
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Data corrente: |
07/04/2004 |
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Data da última atualização: |
11/09/2013 |
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Autoria: |
LEMOS, N. G.; YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI, K.; NAKASHIMA, K.; MOLINA, J. C.; STOLF, R.; MORALES, A. M. R.; LUGLE, S. M.; SILVEIRA, C. A. de; MARIN, S. R. R.; BINNECK, E.; FARIAS, J. R. B.; NEUMAIER, N.; NEPOMUCENO, A. L. |
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Título: |
Introduction of genes that confer drought stress tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] by biobalistic. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2004 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 7.; INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE, 4.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, 3., 2004, Foz do Iguassu. Abstracts of contributed papers and posters. Londrina: Embrapa Soybean, 2004. |
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Páginas: |
p. 256. |
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Série: |
(Embrapa Soja. Documentos, 228). |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Editado por Flávio Moscardi, Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo, Odilon Ferreira Saraiva, Paulo Roberto Galerani, Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski, Mercedes Concordia Carrão-Panizzi. |
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Conteúdo: |
The soybean crop moves the Brazilian economy from the primary sector to the industry, generating many direct and indirect jobs. However, yearly billions of dolars are lost due abiotic and biotic stresses occurring during the crop cycle. Abiotic stresses, precisely drought, is one of the main causes of yield losses. Aiming to minimize this damage, scientists are using biotechnology methods, introducing genes in plants to improve tolerance to drought stress. The plant drought response is regulated by a complex of genes generating a variety of tolerance mecanisms. The complexity of such responses make difficult of using classic breeding methods in the development tolerant varieties. However, genetic engineering of key genes in key metabolic pathways has succeded in incresing drought tolerance in many crops. Our objective was to introduce in soybean the expression cassets pRD29:DREB1 and pE35S:P5CS-129A, using an Embrapa's patent method of Biobalistics that confer dehydration tolerance in plants. DREB1A (Dehidration Responsive Biding Element Protein) is a transcription factor responsible by the activation of genes involved in the drought, freezing and saline stress response; P5CS-129A is also a key enzime in the pathway for proline production. Proline increasing in the cytosol has been related to the cell turgor preservation and protection of cell structures during dehydration by scavenging oxidative radicals. The transformed plants have been generated and tested by PCR. More than 2590 embryos were transformed until now. Nineteen plants were PCR positives for the AHAS gene and none PCR positive plants were detected until now for the p35S:P5CS-129A construct. Number of insertion copies and expression levels will be tested in the positive plants. Physiological characterization in drought conditions will be carried on in promissing events. MenosThe soybean crop moves the Brazilian economy from the primary sector to the industry, generating many direct and indirect jobs. However, yearly billions of dolars are lost due abiotic and biotic stresses occurring during the crop cycle. Abiotic stresses, precisely drought, is one of the main causes of yield losses. Aiming to minimize this damage, scientists are using biotechnology methods, introducing genes in plants to improve tolerance to drought stress. The plant drought response is regulated by a complex of genes generating a variety of tolerance mecanisms. The complexity of such responses make difficult of using classic breeding methods in the development tolerant varieties. However, genetic engineering of key genes in key metabolic pathways has succeded in incresing drought tolerance in many crops. Our objective was to introduce in soybean the expression cassets pRD29:DREB1 and pE35S:P5CS-129A, using an Embrapa's patent method of Biobalistics that confer dehydration tolerance in plants. DREB1A (Dehidration Responsive Biding Element Protein) is a transcription factor responsible by the activation of genes involved in the drought, freezing and saline stress response; P5CS-129A is also a key enzime in the pathway for proline production. Proline increasing in the cytosol has been related to the cell turgor preservation and protection of cell structures during dehydration by scavenging oxidative radicals. The transformed plants have been generated and tested by PCR. More th... Mostrar Tudo |
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Thesagro: |
Soja. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03105naa a2200313 a 4500
001 1466831
005 2013-09-11
008 2004 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aLEMOS, N. G.
245 $aIntroduction of genes that confer drought stress tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] by biobalistic.
260 $c2004
300 $ap. 256.
490 $a(Embrapa Soja. Documentos, 228).
500 $aEditado por Flávio Moscardi, Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo, Odilon Ferreira Saraiva, Paulo Roberto Galerani, Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski, Mercedes Concordia Carrão-Panizzi.
520 $aThe soybean crop moves the Brazilian economy from the primary sector to the industry, generating many direct and indirect jobs. However, yearly billions of dolars are lost due abiotic and biotic stresses occurring during the crop cycle. Abiotic stresses, precisely drought, is one of the main causes of yield losses. Aiming to minimize this damage, scientists are using biotechnology methods, introducing genes in plants to improve tolerance to drought stress. The plant drought response is regulated by a complex of genes generating a variety of tolerance mecanisms. The complexity of such responses make difficult of using classic breeding methods in the development tolerant varieties. However, genetic engineering of key genes in key metabolic pathways has succeded in incresing drought tolerance in many crops. Our objective was to introduce in soybean the expression cassets pRD29:DREB1 and pE35S:P5CS-129A, using an Embrapa's patent method of Biobalistics that confer dehydration tolerance in plants. DREB1A (Dehidration Responsive Biding Element Protein) is a transcription factor responsible by the activation of genes involved in the drought, freezing and saline stress response; P5CS-129A is also a key enzime in the pathway for proline production. Proline increasing in the cytosol has been related to the cell turgor preservation and protection of cell structures during dehydration by scavenging oxidative radicals. The transformed plants have been generated and tested by PCR. More than 2590 embryos were transformed until now. Nineteen plants were PCR positives for the AHAS gene and none PCR positive plants were detected until now for the p35S:P5CS-129A construct. Number of insertion copies and expression levels will be tested in the positive plants. Physiological characterization in drought conditions will be carried on in promissing events.
650 $aSoja
700 1 $aYAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI, K.
700 1 $aNAKASHIMA, K.
700 1 $aMOLINA, J. C.
700 1 $aSTOLF, R.
700 1 $aMORALES, A. M. R.
700 1 $aLUGLE, S. M.
700 1 $aSILVEIRA, C. A. de
700 1 $aMARIN, S. R. R.
700 1 $aBINNECK, E.
700 1 $aFARIAS, J. R. B.
700 1 $aNEUMAIER, N.
700 1 $aNEPOMUCENO, A. L.
773 $tIn: WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 7.; INTERNATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION CONFERENCE, 4.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE SOJA, 3., 2004, Foz do Iguassu. Abstracts of contributed papers and posters. Londrina: Embrapa Soybean, 2004.
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