02301naa a2200361 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000210006024501620008126000090024352012880025265000110154065000160155165000150156765000140158265000230159665000240161965000180164365300120166165300140167365300180168765300110170565300160171665300090173265300150174165300150175665300140177165300200178570000240180570000170182970000190184677300740186510099402018-07-20       1989    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aMCCUTCHEN, B. F.  aDevelopment of diagnostic monitoring techniques for larval pyrethroid resistance in Heliothis spp. (LepidopterabNoctuidae) in cotton.h[electronic resource]  c1989  aTechniques were developed to monitor pyrethroid resistance in larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the bollworm, H. zea (Boddie). Neonate larvae as well as the other instars of a susceptible to tobacco budworm strain were tested with cypermethrin with a glass vial technique to estimate concentration-mortality lines. An approximate LC 80-90 was selected to discriminate for resistance in each larval stage. Tests with pyrethroid-resistent tobacco budworms at these concentrations showed minimal mortality. Tests with bollworm larvae result in 93-100% mortality for the different stages. A formula [100 - (MF/MS X 100)] allowed us to determine the percentage of insects resistant in the field and simultaneously to correct for partial survival of susceptible insects at the discriminating concentration used. The methods were then tested on field-collected insects at times when numbers of eggs, larvae, or both, justified concern. Accuracy of the method was confirmed with another technique for measuring insecticide resistance. These techniques were developed to supplement monitoring data for adult resistance, to provide timely and producers or consultants with a predictive biossay useful in detecting resistance before an insecticide application.  acotton  aLepidoptera  amonitoring  aNoctuidae  aHeliothis Armigera  aHeliothis Virescens  aHeliothis Zea  aControl  aDiagnosis  aHeliothis spp  aInsect  aInsecticide  aPest  aPyrethroid  aResistance  aTechnique  aTobacco budworm1 aPLAPP JUNIOR, F. W.1 aNEMEC, S. J.1 aCAMPANHOLA, C.  tJournal of Economic Entomologygv. 82, n. 6, p. 1502-1507, dec. 1989.