02194naa a2200253 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000200010924501320012926000090026152014740027065000130174465300200175765300170177765300150179470000160180970000200182570000200184570000180186570000160188377300410189919768372015-01-28       2013    bl ---       0--  u    #d  a1572-96997 a10.1007/s10482-013-9942-02DOI1 aTAKETANI, R. G.  aBacterial community composition of anthropogenic biochar and Amazonian anthrosols assessed by 16S rRNA gene 454 pyrosequencing.  c2013  aBiochar (BC)is a commonminor constituent of soils and is usually derived from the burning of wood materials. In the case of Amazonian dark earth (ADE) soils, the increased amount of this material is believed to be due to anthropogenic action by ancient indigenous populations. In this study, we use 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to assess the bacterial diversity observed in theBCfound inADEs aswell as in the dark earth itself and the adjacent Acrisol. Samples were taken from two sites, one cultivatedwith manioc and one with secondary forest cover. Analyses revealed that the community structure found in each sample had unique features. At a coarse phylogenetic resolution, the most abundant phyla in all sequence libraries were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteriathat were present in similar relative abundance across all samples. However, the class composition varied between them highlighting the difference between the Acrisol and the remaining samples. This result was also corroborated by the comparison of the OTU composition (at 97 % identity). Also, soil coverage has shown an effect over the community structure observed in all samples. This patternwas found to be significant through unweighted UniFrac as well as P tests. These results indicate that, although the ADEs are found in patches within the Acrisols, the contrasting characteristics found between them led to the development of significantly different communities.  aland use  aAmazonian soils  aCarbon stock  aDark earth1 aLIMA, A. B.1 aJESUS, E. da C.1 aTEIXEIRA, W. G.1 aTIEDJE, J. M.1 aTSAI, S. M.  tAntonie van Leeuwenhoek, jun., 2013.