02659naa a2200313 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000200010924501390012926000090026852017300027765000250200765000230203265000230205565000190207865000240209765000100212165000170213165300220214865300200217065300200219070000180221070000200222870000190224870000270226777300510229419667462013-09-20       2013    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1386-61417 a10.1007/s10526-013-9543-x2DOI1 aMASCARIN, G. M.  aToxicity of non-ionic surfactants and interactions with fungal entomopathogens toward Bemisia tabaci biotype B.h[electronic resource]  c2013  aSeveral non-ionic surfactants can be used to enhance insecticidal performance of various biobased products and agrochemicals. In this study, we describe the toxicity of four commercial non-ionic surfactants against immature Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B whiteflies along with their spreading ability. Results revealed that trisiloxane-based surfactants (Break-thru and Silwet L-77) exhibited the highest toxicity to 1st?2nd (early) and 3rd?4th (late) instar nymphs as well as the greatest wetting performance. We also investigated whether sub-lethal concentrations of Break-thru and Silwet L-77 improved the insecticidal efficacy of the fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (strain CG1229) and Isaria fumosorosea Wise (strain CG1228) conidial suspensions against whiteflies. Germination of hydrophobic conidia of both isolates were unaffected by these surfactants over the range 100?1000 ppm. The combinations of both fungi with trisiloxane carriers significantly increased nymphal mortality with mostly additive and synergistic effects on early and late nymphs, respectively. In screenhouse trials, both fungi (107 conidia ml-1) mixed with 200 ppm of Silwet L-77 significantly improved effectiveness against early nymphs (72?74 % mortality) compared with controls treated with water and Silwet L-77 alone. In addition, reduced volume rates of I. fumosorosea in Silwet L-77 (equivalent to 100 l ha-1) were at least as effective against late nymphs as higher volume rates (200 l ha-1) at equivalent conidial doses. Our findings underline the compatibility and enhanced activity of silicon-based surfactants with B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea for use in integrated whitefly management programs.  aBemisia argentifolii  aIsaria fumosorosea  aBeauveria bassiana  aBemisia tabaci  aControle microbiano  aFungo  aMosca branca  aMicrobial control  aOrganosilicones  aSpray adjuvants1 aKOBORI, N. N.1 aQUINTELA, E. D.1 aARTHURS, S. P.1 aDELALIBERA JÚNIOR, I.  tBiocontrol, Dordrechtgv. 58, n. 5, Oct. 2013.