02191nam a2200445 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000210006024501350008126000570021650001170027352009070039065000110129765000190130865000110132765000140133865000180135265300220137065300080139265300110140070000150141170000220142670000220144870000190147070000170148970000180150670000160152470000150154070000170155570000170157270000160158970000170160570000140162270000150163670000190165170000220167070000170169270000180170970000180172719428222012-12-18       2012    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aVALK, H. van der  aAspects determining the risk of pesticides to wild beesbrisk profiles for focal crops on three continents.h[electronic resource]  aJulius Kühn Archiv, n. 437, p. 142-158, 2012.c2012  aEdição dos Proceedings of the 11 International Symposium Hazards of Pesticides to Bees, Wageningen, nov. 2011.  aIn order to conduct a proper risk assessment of pesticides to bees, information is needed in three areas: (i) the toxicity of the pesticide; (ii) the probability of bee exposure to that pesticide; and (iii) the population dynamics of the bee species in question. Information was collected on such factors affecting pesticide risk to (primarily wild) bees in several crops in Brazil, Kenya and The Netherlands. These data were used to construct ?risk profiles? of pesticide use for bees in the studied cropping systems. Data gaps were identified and potential risks of pesticides to bees were compared between the crops. Initially, risk profiling aims to better identify gaps in our present knowledge. In the longer term, the established risk profiles may provide structured inputs into risk assessment models for wild and managed bees, and lead to recommendations for specific risk mitigation measures.  aAbelha  aApis Mellifera  aInseto  aPesticida  aPolinização  aAbelhas selvagens  aBee  aInsect1 aKOOMEN, I.1 aNOCELLI, R. C. F.1 aRIBEIRO, M. de F.1 aFREITAS, B. M.1 aCARVALHO, S.1 aKASINA, J. M.1 aMARTINS, D.1 aMUTISO, M.1 aODHIAMBO, C.1 aKINUTHIA, W.1 aGIKUNGU, M.1 aNGARUIYA, P.1 aMAINA, G.1 aKIPYAB, P.1 aBLACQUIERE, T.1 aSTEEN, J. van der1 aROESSINK, I.1 aWASSENBER, J.1 aHERREN, B. G.