01282naa a2200181 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000200006024500610008026000090014152008060015065000150095665000130097165300230098465300220100770000180102977300530104717906901997-02-19       1964    bl ---       0--  u    #d1 aDYNE, G. M. van  aDevelopment and use of the esophageal fistulaba review.  c1964  aOne of the foremost problems in range and pasture nutrition is making an accurate assessment of the chemical and botanical composition of the diet of grazing livestock. In recent years the esophageal fistula has been used to obtain samples of the forage grazed by ruminants. These studies have been conducted under a wide variety of conditions in at least six countries on four continents. The purpose of this article is to review the development and use of the esophageal fistula and to discuss problems and practices. The medical literature is replete with references to human and animal esophageal fistulas due to congenital abnormalities, disease, and accidental injury. However, this article is restricted to experimental studies with domestic animals and reviews the literature through mid-1963.  aNutrição  aPastagem  aEsophageal fistula  aPasture nutrition1 aTORELL, D. T.  tJournal of Range Managementgv.17, p.7-19, 1964.