02136naa a2200301 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000160011424501240013026000090025452012730026365000180153665000100155465000140156465000130157865000110159165000150160265300230161765300130164065300210165365300280167465300120170265300240171465300270173870000170176577300520178215231742023-05-18       1989    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90345-72DOI1 aDANTZER, R.  aStress and immunityban integrated view of relationships between the brain and the immune systemh[electronic resource]  c1989  aAbstract: The old notion that stress exacerbates the progression of physical illness via its corticosteroid-mediated immunosuppressive effects must be revised. Experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that both laboratory and natural stressors alter the activities of lymphocytes and macrophages in a complex way that depends on the type of immune response, the physical and psychological characteristics of the stressor and the timing of stress relative to the induction and expression of the immune event. The influences of stress on immunity are mediated not only by glucocorticoids but also by catecholamines, endogenous opioids and pituitary hormones such as growth hormone. Sensitivity of the immune system to stress is not simply fortuitous but is an indirect consequence of the regulatory reciprocal influences that exist between the immune system and the central nervous system. The immune system receives signals from the brain and the neuroendocrine system via the autonomic nervous system and hormones and sends information to the brain via cytokines. These connections appear to be part of a long-loop regulatory feedback system that plays an important role in the coordination of behavioral and physiological responses to infection and inflammation.  aAnimal stress  aBrain  aCytokines  aHormones  aHumans  aPhysiology  aBiological Factors  aEstresse  aImmune Tolerance  aNeurotransmitter Agents  aRevisao  aSistema imunologico  aSistema neuroendocrino1 aKELLY, K. W.  tLife Sciencegv. 44, n. 26, p. 1995-2008, 1989.