04048naa a2200313 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000220011424501200013626000090025652031790026565000110344465000100345565000190346565000100348465000120349465000100350665000260351665300110354265300100355365300140356365300230357765300150360065300120361570000250362770000250365277300570367715222502023-04-27       1986    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/0308-521X(86)90095-82DOI1 aQUEIROZ, J. S. de  aThe ecology and management of small ruminant production systems in the Sertao of Ceara, in the Northeast of Brazil.  c1986  aAbstract: This studyis part of a multidisciplinary research to describe and analyze the small-ruminant production system in the Northeast of Brazil. Twentyseven small ruminant producers were studied in the sertao of the state of Ceara to identify and describe land-use and animal-management schemes. No two production systems studied were exactly alike. However, 16 different management strategies were identified and structured according to ecological environment, grazing resources, crop-residue availability and farm infrastructure. Two common features are the interaction of crop and livestock production and the multispecies character of animal herds. The study compares producer's strategies for coping with the drought in regard to the herd composition, stocking rates, animal condition, supplementation and water supply in both 1980 and 1983. It was observed that farms that had cattle, sheep and goat herds performed relatively better during the drought period than farms with cattle and sheep only. Table 1. Baseline Survey Structure, 1980; Table 2. Average Annual Rainfall by County, 1950-1983; Figure 2. Average rainfall distribution per month 1950 to 1983; Figure 3. Average rainfall by isohyets 1978 to 1983; Figure 4. Predicted rainfall for 1979 to 1985. (Source: Girairdy & Teixeira, 1978); Table 3.Local Terminology (Approximate English Equivalent) and Suitability Ratings for the Major Soil Types Encountered in the 28 Farms Surveyed; Figure 5. Percentage of area cultivated by soil suitability rating; Figure 6. Diagrammatic representation of the grazing systems (GS) in which cattle (C), sheep (S), and goats (G) are moved in unison during the dry season; Figure 7. Diagrammatic representation of grazing systems (GS) in which goats remain in the native vegetation throughout the year--cattle (C), sheep (S) and goats (G); Figure 8. Diagrammatic representation of grazing systems (GS) used in farms without goats----cattle (C) and sheep (S); Figure 9. Diagrammatic representation of grazing systems (GS) shaped by structural features of the farm---cattle (C), sheep (S) and goats (G); Table 4. Percentage of Farms Using Supplementation by Source by Species, 1983; Table 5. Distribution of Estimated Stocking Rates Used in Cultivated Fields for the Last 5 Months of the Dry Season; Table 6. Percentage of Farms Having a Certain Kind of Water Storage, 1983; Table 7. Change in Average Livestock Population, 1980 and 1983; Table 8. Change in Average Livestock Population for Farms in Group I, 1980 and 1983; Table 9. Average Animal Units for Farms in Group I, 1980 and 1983; Table 10. Average Livestock Population for Farms in Group II, 1980 and 1983; Table 11. Average Animal Units for Farms in Group II, 1980 and 1983; Table 12. Number of Farms per Group that Increase or Decrease Number of Animals, 1980 and 1983; Table 13. Average Farm Size, Cropping Area, and Stocking Rates, 1980 and 1983; Table 14. Percentage of Farms by Livestock Condition, 1983; Table 15. Percentage of Farms by Livestock Condition and by Groups, 1983; Table 16. Percentage of Farms Using Supplementation by Species, 1983; Table 17. Percentage of Farms Having Water Storage, 1983;  aBrazil  aGoats  aSemiarid zones  aSheep  aCaprino  aOvino  aSistema de Produção  aBrasil  aCeara  aNortheast  aProduction systems  aSemiárido  aSertão1 aGUTIERREZ-ALEMAN, N.1 aPONCE DE LEON, F. A.  tAgricultural Systemsgv. 22, n. 4, p. 259-287, 1986.