01981naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400450006010000220010524500970012726000090022452011630023365000210139665000160141765000300143365000220146365000150148565000150150065000100151565000100152565000120153565000280154765000150157565300110159065300220160177300680162315221812023-12-06       1964    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1079/BJN196400052DOI1 aCLAPPERTON, J. L.  aThe energy matabolism of sheep walking on the level and on gradients.h[electronic resource]  c1964  aAlthough many investigations have been made, notably by Brody and his associates (Brody, 1945), of the energy cost and energetic efficiency of muscular work in the larger farm animals, horses, mules and cattle, no systematic studies have been made with sheep and goats. It was to try to fill this gap that this investigation was begun. The net efficiency of muscular work is defined as the ratio of the work done to the energy expended in doing it. Work is defined as force x distance, and can be expressed in units of energy by use of the mechanical equivalent of heat, i.e. I kg m work = 2-34 cal. I t is impossible to assess in any simple way how much external work is done by an animal walking horizontally and, therefore, it is not possible to measure the efficiency of an animal for horizontal walking. Measurements made with animals walking on gradients, however, permit an assessment of efficiency because the energy expended in raising the body can be equated with its gain in potential energy. T o estimate the energetic efficiency of muscular work thus involves measurement of energy expenditure when the animal walks on the level and on gradients  aAnimal nutrition  aBody fluids  aEnergy cost of activities  aEnergy metabolism  aLocomotion  aMetabolism  aSheep  aUrine  aWalking  aMetabolismo Energético  aNutrição  aOvinos  aPhysical exertion  tBritish Journal of Nutritiongv. 18, n. 1, p. 47-54, Feb. 1964.