02741naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400520006010000220011224501640013426000090029850000540030752018000036165000200216165000310218165300100221265300100222265300180223265300310225070000240228170000150230570000190232070000230233970000190236270000210238177300490240221765792025-06-12       2025    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-025-01600-72DOI1 aSANCHES, M. de S.  aHow much, how Long and whenbdensity, duration and plant stage affect herbivore-induced plant volatiles in maize by the corn leafhopper.h[electronic resource]  c2025  aNa publicação: Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes.  aAlthough sessile, plants have sophisticated systems of perceiving their environment. They respond to biotic and abiotic stress, for instance, they can detect damage caused by insect feeding or oviposition and respond by releasing volatile compounds, known as herbivore- or oviposition-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs or OIPVs). The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott), is a sap-sucking insect that has been causing challenges to maize growers across the Americas by transmitting phytopathogens that cause substantial production losses. In this study, we evaluated whether maize plants modify their volatile emissions in response to different densities of pathogen-free D. maidis adults, the type of injury, and varying injury durations at two distinct vegetative stages. The results showed that injury caused by corn leafhoppers induced the release of HIPVs and OIPVs, with the response influenced by the plant stage, insect density, type of injury and injury duration. Density primarily affected the quantity of volatile induction, injury duration shaped the induced blend, and plant stage influenced all these aspects. Consistently induced compounds by all the factors tested included (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT), (E)-β-caryophyllene, and (E)-β-farnesene. Whereas the oviposition injury induced only two volatiles: nonanal and decanal. This study highlights how maize respond with different blend profile of HIPVs and OIPVs, demonstrating that maize adapts its volatile emissions depending on the intensity of stress it has been submitted. These findings can be further explored in multitrophic interactions, potentially influencing natural enemies that utilize these volatiles as cues in the environment.  aDalbulus maidis  aVolatile organic compounds  aHIPVs  aOIPVs  aPlant defence  aPlant–insect interaction1 aMICHEREFF, M. F. F.1 aBORGES, M.1 aLAUMANN, R. A.1 aOLIVEIRA, C. M. de1 aFRIZZAS, M. R.1 aMORAES, M. C. B.  tJournal of Chemical Ecologygv. 51,53, 2025.