02943naa a2200337 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000210011424501720013526000090030752019340031665000130225065000140226365000150227765300160229265300160230865300160232465300220234065300120236265300180237465300090239265300250240170000240242670000210245070000190247170000240249070000190251470000180253377300540255121756622025-05-15       2025    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.1119652DOI1 aLUZ, E. P. C. G.  aDevelopment and evaluation of 3D printing inks based on bacterial ellulose/alginate functionalized with sodium alendronate or strontium apatite.h[electronic resource]  c2025  aThis study aimed to develop hydrogels with optimized parameters for use in 3D printing, utilizing deconstructed bacterial cellulose (BC) and alginate (ALG) as the polymeric base. The hydrogels were further functionalized with active components: graphene anchored with silver (for antimicrobial activity) combined with sodium alendro- nate (a bone resorption inhibitor), or strontium apatite (which both inhibits bone resorption and stimulates bone formation). These formulations resulted in two types of hydrogels, GrafBone (GB) and ApatiteBone (AB). The rheological properties of the hydrogels were characterized to determine their flow behavior and gelation char- acteristics. The hydrogels were printed, and the resulting structures were analyzed regarding swelling capacity, morphology and chemical composition. The following properties were evaluated to assess their mechanical, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and biological safety properties. The evaluation of the hydrogels revealed that both formulations, GrafBone and ApatiteBone, are printable, meaning they maintain their structural integrity after the printing process. ApatiteBone hydrogel exhibited greater resilience during extrusion compared to GrafBone. Regarding the mechanical properties of the printed scaffolds, GrafBone produced scaffolds with superior me- chanical strength, since the presence of graphene significantly enhanced the material ’ s resistance. GrafBone showed highest bactericidal inhibition capacity, due to the incorporation of GO-Ag nanocomposites. Both hydrogels were no toxicity over time using Artemia salina. The composite hydrogels are promising for medical applications, particularly bone tissue regeneration. Their ability to be customized with active ingredients that support bone formation and resorption and their high biocompatibility make them a valuable option for creating scaffolds that promote cell growth and tissue repair.  aGraphene  aStrontium  aEstrôncio  a3D printing  aAlendronate  aAlendronato  aBone regeneration  aGrafeno  aImpressão 3D  aInks  aRegeneração óssea1 aSOARES, A. L. DE B.1 aMATTOS, A. L. A.1 aANDRADE, F. K.1 aCASTRO-SILVA, I. I.1 aROSA, M. de F.1 aVIEIRA, R. S.  tMaterials Today Communications, 44, 111965, 2025.