03185naa a2200409 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400520007410000200012624501770014626000090032352019270033265000170225965000190227665000220229565000090231765000180232665000180234465000150236265000170237765300240239465300190241865300220243765300360245965300410249565300200253670000230255670000240257970000260260370000180262970000150264770000220266270000200268470000230270477300480272721755252025-11-10       2025    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1873-22677 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2025.1042772DOI1 aBRUNETTI, H. B.  aSilvopastoral system as a climate-smart alternative for beef productionbEnteric methane emission neutralization and animal thermal comfort increase.h[electronic resource]  c2025  aAbstract: CONTEXT: Climate-smart agricultural systems must mitigate climate change and adapt to it. OBJECTIVES: (i) test the ability of a silvopastoral system (SPS) in Brazil to neutralize the CH4 enteric emission by tree carbon (C) assimilation, considering solely the stem-C destined to Products with Higher Added Value (HVAP) and furniture as valid, due to their long-term stability; (ii) test the SPS ability to provide increased animal thermal comfort and; (iii) compare the SPS productivity, animal thermal comfort and CH4 emission with a full sun system (FS). METHODS: The systems had four areas managed under rotational stocking with beef cattle and were established with Piata palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha Stapf cv. BRS Piata] in 2007. In the SPS, eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus urograndis clone GG100) were planted in 2011, in single east-west oriented rows, with a 15 m x 2 m spacing, and thinned to 15 m x 4 m spacing in 2016. Microclimate data were collected in weather stations to determine the Black Globe and Humidity Index (BGHI). The CH4 enteric emission was estimated using the Tier-2 equation (IPCC Methodological Guide - 2019). Tree height and diameter at breast height were measured every six months from October/2017 to April/2019 to estimate the stem biomass using an allometric equation. The stem biomass was multiplied by its carbon content and by 40 % to consider the break-through yield in sawmill. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: BGHI was lower in the SPS than in the FS. Even considering the stem-C appropriate for HVAP and furniture in a SPS with a stocking rate 256 % greater than the Brazilian average, 77 % of the CH4 enteric emission was offset. When considering all the stem-C, the net C balance was-14.28 Mg CO2 eq. ha- 1 year- 1. SIGNIFICANCE: SPS are interesting alternatives to mitigate climate change while providing satisfactory animal production and increased animal thermal comfort.  aAgroforestry  aAnimal comfort  aControle Térmico  aGado  aGado de Corte  aGado Leiteiro  aMicroclima  aSilvicultura  aBalanço de carbono  aCarbon balance  aConforto térmico  aIntegração pecuária-floresta  aLivestock-Forest Integration systems  aThermal comfort1 aOLIVEIRA, P. P. A.1 aPEZZOPANE, J. R. M.1 aBERNARDI, A. C. de C.1 aGARCIA, A. R.1 aBERNDT, A.1 aPEDROSO, A. de F.1 aLELIS, A. L. J.1 aMEDEIROS, S. R. de  tAgricultural Systemsgv. 225, 104277, 2025.