02518naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000260011424501560014026000090029652015480030565000270185365000250188065000190190565000100192465000150193465000210194965000260197065000100199665000150200665000200202170000220204170000190206370000180208277301280210021741462025-03-24       2025    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80064-1_132DOI1 aCARNEIRO, R. G. da S.  aStructural and functional diversity of neotropical Psyllid galls (HemipterabPsylloidea) refute the “simplicity” hypothesis.h[electronic resource]  c2025  aPsylloidea (Hemiptera—Sternorrhycha) is a superfamily of over 4000 species of plant-sap-sucking insects, many of which induce galls. While there have been numerous studies on neotropical psyllid galls, further research is needed to clarify their structural complexity and nutritive roles. Initial studies on psyllid galls began in Argentina in 1945, but significant research did not start until 2006 in Brazil, where studies have since continued. Psyllid galls display a wide morphological range from simple leaf-rolls to complex globoid structures. Developmental studies indicate that gall formation involves tissue homogenization through hyperplasia and hypertrophy, with distinct patterns of cell expansion responsible for the ontogenesis of different morphotypes. Ultrastructural analyses reveal metabolically active cells that manage oxidative stress via a complex ROS-scavenging system. Histochemical and cytological evidence suggests that the cells within the vascular and perivascular parenchyma play a key role for nutrition, while the outer layers accumulate secondary compounds and storage carbohydrates, forming gradients across the gall cortex. The chemical composition of the investigated psyllid galls is rich, and secondary metabolites are manipulated to facilitate gall development. Overall, the anatomical, cytological, and histochemical features of psyllid galls indicate that they are provided with nutritive tissues and a wide variety of structural-functional aspects that validate them as complex biological structures.  aAnatomy and morphology  aChemical composition  aForest insects  aGalls  aPsylloidea  aAnatomia Vegetal  aComposição Química  aGalha  aHemíptera  aPraga de Planta1 aQUEIROZ, D. L. de1 aBURCKHARDT, D.1 aGUEDES, L. M.  tIn: OLIVEIRA, D. C. de; ISAIAS, R. M. dos S. (ed.). Plant galls: structure and functions. Cham: Springer, 2025. p. 253-283.