03422naa a2200361 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400520006010000170011224501230012926000090025230000110026152023350027265000300260765000180263765000290265565000270268465000350271165000160274665300210276265300180278365300240280165300290282565300150285470000190286970000200288870000180290870000200292670000190294670000160296570000160298177300630299721674972024-09-19       2024    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-024-13261-92DOI1 aSILVA, L. G.  aInnovative sustainable bioreactor‑in‑a‑granule formulation of Trichoderma asperelloides.h[electronic resource]  c2024  a1 - 13  aAbstract The advancement of fungal biocontrol agents depends on replacing cereal grains with low-cost agro-industrial byproducts for their economical mass production and development of stable formulations. We propose an innovative approach to develop a rice four-based formulation of the benefcial biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperelloides CMAA1584 designed to simulate a micro-bioreactor within the concept of full biorefnery process, afording in situ conidiation, extended shelf-life, and efective control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a devastating pathogen of several dicot agricultural crops worldwide. Rice four is an inexpensive and underexplored byproduct derived from broken rice after milling, capable of sustaining high yields of conidial production through our optimized fermentation-formulation route. Conidial yield was mainly infuenced by nitrogen content (0.1% w/w) added to the rice meal coupled with the fermentor type. Hydrolyzed yeast was the best nitrogen source yielding 2.6× 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/g within 14 days. Subsequently, GControl, GLecithin, GBreak-Thru, GBentonite, and GOrganic compost+Break-Thru formulations were obtained by extrusion followed by air-drying and further assessed for their potential to induce secondary sporulation in situ, storage stability, and efcacy against Sclerotinia. GControl, GBreak-Thru, GBentonite, and GOrganic compost+Break-Thru stood out with the highest number of CFU after sporulation upon re-hydration on water-agar medium. Shelf-life of formulations GControl and GBentonite remained consistent for&gt3 months at ambient temperature, while in GBentonite and GOrganic compost+Break-Thru formulations remained viable for 24 months during refrigerated storage. Formulations exhibited similar efcacy in suppressing the myceliogenic germination of Sclerotinia irrespective of their concentration tested (5× 104 to 5× 106  CFU/g of soil), resulting in 79.2 to 93.7% relative inhibition. Noteworthily, all 24-month-old formulations kept under cold storage successfully suppressed sclerotia. This work provides an environmentally friendly bioprocess method using rice four as the main feedstock to develop waste-free granular formulations of Trichoderma conidia that are efective in suppressing Sclerotinia while also improving biopesticide shelf-life.  aBiological control agents  aMolds (fungi)  aSolid state fermentation  aTrichoderma asperellum  aFungo Para Controle Biológico  aTrichoderma  aBiocontrol agent  aBioprotectant  aGranule formulation  aSolid-state fermentation  aWhite mold1 aCAMARGO, R. C.1 aMASCARIN, G. M.1 aFAVARO, C. P.1 aNUNES, P. S. O.1 aFARINAS, C. S.1 aRIBEIRO, C.1 aBETTIOL, W.  tApplied Microbiology and Biotechnologygv. 108, 458, 2024.