02922naa a2200301 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000180011424501700013226000090030230000100031152019790032165000160230065300090231665300090232565300270233470000260236170000240238770000170241170000130242870000170244170000210245870000220247970000290250170000220253077300680255221569842023-11-28       2023    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.1081982DOI1 aGARCIA, A. R.  aUse of infrared thermography from a crewed aerial vehicle for remote sensing of tropical pasture areas with different levels of afforestation.h[electronic resource]  c2023  a10 p.  aBetter livestock practices are needed to enable more efficient and sustainable food production. Integrated crop-livestock-forest (iCLF) production systems stand out among these. However, iCLF systems have not yet been monitored remotely using infrared thermography (IRT). Crewed overflights were conducted every 21 days for 14 months in São Carlos, Brazil (21o58'30"S, 47o51'07"W, 854 m AMSL) to (i) evaluate the efficiency of remote thermographic sensing of pastures for beef cattle and (ii) study the surface temperatures of pastures in monoculture/full sun (FS system) or iCLF (iCLF system). There was a significant correlation between air temperatures recorded at 1.5 m from the ground by automated meteorological stations and temperatures recorded using IRT, with the highest correlation coefficients observed in FS at 12:00 PM (r = 0.89; P = 0.0013) and in iCLF between 10:00 AM and 11:00 AM (r = 0.77; P = 0.0142). The surface and air temperatures did not differ significantly in FS (2:00 PM-4:00 PM) and iCLF (8:00 AM-6:00 PM; P &gt 0.05). In all seasons, IRT revealed higher thermal classes more frequently in FS. Heat maps showed notable differences between the production systems, including two heterogeneous thermal zones. Circumscribed areas of varying sizes with higher surface temperatures (&gt35.0 oC) were also observed in spots (FS) or parallel bands in the east?west direction (iCLF). These areas had no trees and/or less vegetation cover. Infrared thermography remote sensing in crewed overflights ran concurrently with temperature readings from on-site meteorological stations. This enabled the precise identification of thermographic differences between pastures in monoculture and integrated systems, with the definition of heat islands and comfort zones. This study provides insights into the novel application of IRT for microclimatic assessments of livestock pastures, which can aid in decision-making to improve the welfare of free-range animals.  aBeef cattle  aICLF  aILPF  aSustainable production1 aBERNARDI, A. C. de C.1 aPEZZOPANE, J. R. M.1 aREDAELLI, V.1 aLUZI, F.1 aLAURENTI, N.1 aMENEGAZZO, L. P.1 aGRUDZINSKI, C. E.1 aSANTOS JUNIOR, P. C. DOS1 aBARBOSA, A. V. C.  tComputers and Electronics in Agriculturegv. 213, 2023, 108198.