02529naa a2200217 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000170006024500480007726000090012530000160013452019180015065000140206865000220208265000250210465000090212970000180213870000280215670000170218477301100220121501662022-12-21       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aMOURA, A. B.  aSoilborne pathogens.h[electronic resource]  c2022  ap. 199-224.  aThe biological subsoil constraints include those caused by a heterogeneous group of microorganisms known as soilborne pathogens. They cause diseases on most important species of plants, and almost all crop plants are susceptible to one or more species of soilborne pathogens. These pathogens cause a wide range of symptoms, and the damage caused to the plant can include death of germinating seeds and seedlings, rotting of roots, blocking of xylem, soft rot, deformation and necrotic lesions on stem bases. Symptoms are usually seen as poor plant stand, stunting or slow growth and discolouration and wilting of the shoot that mimics nutrient deficiencies or drought stress. The losses caused by these biological constraints are huge, so their mitigation is essential. However, it is necessary to know the specific cause of the biological constraint of a given area to take the most appropriate control measure. This chapter deals with soil pathogens of different groups: bacteria, fungi, Oomycetes and nematodes. It describes the characteristics of the soilborne pathogens, Fusarium, Macrophomina, Phytophthora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Pratylenchus, Ralstonia, Rhizobium (previously known as Agrobacterium), Pectobacterium and Dickeya (previously known as Erwinia), their geographical distribution and host range, favourable conditions, typical symptoms and plant damage. Control measures, including the use of chemical compounds and products based on biological agents, are reviewed. Subsoil management procedures including liming, chemical fertilisation, green fertilisation, crop rotation, tillage, solarisation, biofumigation and green manure are also discussed. Control examples associated with different soilborne pathogenic species are included. However, overall there has been limited study of subsoil biological constraints for agricultural and horticultural species.  aPatógeno  aPodridão da Raiz  aRotação de Cultura  aSolo1 aBACKHOUSE, D.1 aSOUZA JÚNIOR, I. T. de1 aGOMES, C. B.  tIn: OLIVEIRA, T. S. D.; BELL, R. W. (ed.). Subsoil constraints for crop production. Cham: Springer, 2022.