02966naa a2200517 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400540007410000200012824501350014826000090028352014460029265000250173865000140176365000190177765000270179665000210182365000230184465000200186765000140188765000220190165000200192365000250194365300090196865300240197765300240200165300270202565300230205265300170207565300220209265300320211465300260214665300150217265300280218765300150221565300200223065300190225065300190226970000200228870000250230870000220233370000230235570000210237877300490239921501652022-12-21       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1574-95417 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.1018152DOI1 aVERAS, H. F. P.  aFusing multi-season UAS images with convolutional neural networks to map tree species in Amazonian forests.h[electronic resource]  c2022  aRemote sensing images obtained by unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) across different seasons enabled capturing of species-specific phenological patterns of tropical trees. The application of UAS multi-season images to classify tropical tree species is still poorly understood. In this study, we used RGB images from different seasons obtained by a low-cost UAS and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to map tree species in an Amazonian forest. Individual tree crowns (ITC) were outlined in the UAS images and identified to the species level using forest inventory data. The CNN model was trained with images obtained in February, May, August, and November. The classification accuracy in the rainy season (November and February) was higher than in the dry season (May and August). Fusing images from multiple seasons improved the average accuracy of tree species classification by up to 21.1 percentage points, reaching 90.5%. The CNN model can learn species-specific phenological characteristics that impact the classification accuracy, such as leaf fall in the dry season, which highlights its potential to discriminate species in various conditions. We produced high-quality individual tree crown maps of the species using a post-processing procedure. The combination of multi-season UAS images and CNNs has the potential to map tree species in the Amazon, providing valuable insights for forest management and conservation initiatives.  aExperimental forests  aPhenology  aRemote sensing  aSpecies identification  aTropical forests  aCampo Experimental  aEspécie Nativa  aFenologia  aFloresta Tropical  aIdentificação  aSensoriamento Remoto  aAcre  aAmazonia Occidental  aAmazônia Ocidental  aBosques experimentales  aBosques tropicales  aEmbrapa Acre  aFusão de imagens  aIdentificación de especies  aImagem multitemporada  aImagem RGB  aMapeamento de espécies  aModelo CNN  aRio Branco (AC)  aTeledetección  aWestern Amazon1 aFERREIRA, M. P.1 aCUNHA NETO, E. M. da1 aFIGUEIREDO, E. O.1 aDALLA CORTE, A. P.1 aSANQUETTA, C. R.  tEcological Informaticsgv. 71, 101815, 2022.