01946naa a2200277 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400570007410000250013124501430015626000090029930000110030852010810031965000260140065000220142665300210144865300140146965300200148365300130150370000280151670000180154470000250156270000150158777300660160221490322023-07-26       2023    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a0921-34497 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.1066372DOI1 aMÜLLER-CARNEIRO, J.  aEx-ante life cycle assessment framework and application to a nano-reinforced biopolymer film based on mango kernel.h[electronic resource]  c2023  a1 - 11  aThis article proposes a framework for ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) of biopolymers at low TRL, including:  (i) scale-up; (ii) scenarios for processes and modelling choices; (iii) comparison with a fossil-based polymer,  considering material substitution factors. The framework was applied to analyse a mango kernel starch (MKS)  film and compare it with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Mango seeds (feedstock) were modelled as burdenfree since they do not have economic value (baseline). An industrial-scale model was built for the production of  starch nanocrystals (SNC) and MKS film using process calculations based on experimental data. Most impacts  occur at starch and SNC extraction due to steam and acid consumption. Compared to LDPE, MKS performs better  in non-renewable energy use but worse in climate change, freshwater eutrophication, and terrestrial acidification. Scenario analysis showed that yield enhancement and acid shifting could considerably reduce impacts. The  proposed framework shows potential to support sustainable innovation of biopolymers.  aLife cycle assessment  aLife cycle design  aEarly R&D stages  aEcodesign  aProspective LCA  aScale-up1 aFIGUEIREDO, M. C. B. de1 aRODRIGUES, C.1 aAZEREDO, H. M. C. de1 aFREIRE, F.  tResources, Conservation and Recyclinggv. 188, a106637, 2023.