02003naa a2200193 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400550006010000180011524501720013326000090030552013290031465000190164365000130166265000210167565000130169670000180170977300820172721447672022-12-06       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652022202102582DOI1 aBILLER, J. D.  aMechanisms of resistance and tolerance against parasites in fishbthe impairments caused by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in Colossoma macropomum.h[electronic resource]  c2022  aTambaqui is the second native fi sh most produced species in Brazil. Currently, tambaqui fi sh farms deals with serious sanitary problems due to the prevalence of the parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. However, the prevalence of the acanthocephalan parasite infections depends on the resistance and tolerance interactions between the host organisms and parasites. The immune response against parasites is divided between innate and acquired immunity. The innate defense is a result of physical barriers, cellular and humoral compounds. Acquired defense occurs through the production of antibodies (humoral) and is mediated by cells, mainly by type 2 T helper lymphocytes. Most parasites secrete a variety of immunomodulatory compounds that allow coexistence with the host and chronicity of the parasite. The host-parasite relationship is complex and makes prevention and treatment diffi cult. However, some studies show that the use of immunostimulants may have "systemic" effects. These include improvement of the intestinal mucosa health and also in the production of cellular and humoral compounds in the whole body, thus assisting treatment and control. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of resistance and tolerance in the host organisms so that prevention and treatment measures can be effective.  aAcanthocephala  aImmunity  aImmunomodulation  aTambaqui1 aCHAGAS, E. C.  tAnais da Academia Brasileira de Ciênciasgv. 94, n. 4, art. e20210258, 2022.