02122naa a2200229 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400580006010000160011824501270013426000090026130000160027052013900028665300270167665300270170365300230173065300290175370000160178270000180179870000190181677300570183521411912024-01-24       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b067902DOI1 aSQUINCA, P.  aNanocellulose production in future biorefineriesbAn integrated approach using Tailor-Made enzymes.h[electronic resource]  c2022  a2277–2286  aThe development of process engineering approaches to integrate the production of biofuels and high value-added biobased products, such as enzymes and nanocellulose, is crucial to improve the financial performance and sustainability of lignocellulosic biomass biorefineries. Here, the feasibility of applying enzymes produced on-site to obtain nanocellulose was evaluated using eucalyptus cellulose pulp as a model feedstock. A systematic analysis of the structural properties of the nanomaterials obtained after hydrolysis using a cellulolytic enzymatic complex with high endoglucanase specific activity (17.09 IU/mgprotein), produced by Aspergillus niger, followed by sonication, revealed that longer ball milling pretreatment and reaction times favored extraction of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The highest yield (24.6%) of CNCs was achieved using 96 h of enzymatic hydrolysis of the ball-milled cellulose pulp, followed by sonication for 5 min. The CNCs presented approximate lengths of 294.0 nm and diameters of 24.0 nm, and the crystallinity index increased from 57.5% to 78.3%, compared to the cellulose pulp that was only ball milled. These findings demonstrated that nanocelluloses could be successfully extracted using on-site produced enzymes and that the sustainable integrated process reported here could contribute to the development of the nascent biobase economy.  aCellulose nanocrystals  aIntegrated biorefinery  aOn-site production  aSolid-state fermentation1 aBILATTO, S.1 aBADINO, A. C.1 aFARINAS, C. S.  tACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineeringgv. 8, 2020.