02920naa a2200433 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400520006010000150011224501610012726000090028850000270029752015050032465000210182965000200185065000430187065000180191365000110193165000200194265300400196265300360200265300370203865300230207565300370209865300350213565300260217065300420219670000210223870000190225970000240227870000210230270000190232370000180234270000160236070000210237670000200239770000170241777300520243421353772021-10-15       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97306-32DOI1 aHUL, L. M.  aDifferentially expressed genes in the femur cartilage transcriptome clarify the understanding of femoral head separation in chickens.h[electronic resource]  c2021  aArticle number: 17965.  aLocomotor problems are among one of the main concerns in the current poultry industry, causing major economic losses and affecting animal welfare. The most common bone anomalies in the femur are dyschondroplasia, femoral head separation (FHS), and bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), also known as femoral head necrosis (FHN). The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes in the articular cartilage (AC) of normal and FHS-affected broilers by RNA-Seq analysis. In the transcriptome analysis, 12,169 genes were expressed in the femur AC. Of those, 107 genes were DE (FDR &lt 0.05) between normal and affected chickens, of which 9 were downregulated and 98 were upregulated in the affected broilers. In the gene-set enrichment analysis using the DE genes, 79 biological processes (BP) were identified and were grouped into 12 superclusters. The main BP found were involved in the response to biotic stimulus, gas transport, cellular activation, carbohydrate-derived catabolism, multi-organism regulation, immune system, muscle contraction, multi-organism process, cytolysis, leukocytes and cell adhesion. In this study, the first transcriptome analysis of the broilers femur articular cartilage was performed, and a set of candidate genes (AvBD1, AvBD2, ANK1, EPX, ADA, RHAG) that could trigger changes in the broiler´s femoral growth plate was identified. Moreover, these results could be helpful to better understand FHN in chickens and possibly in humans.  aBroiler chickens  aGene expression  aQuantitative polymerase chain reaction  aTranscriptome  aFrango  aFrango de Corte  aAnálises de expressão diferencial  aCartilagem da cabeça do fêmur  aDifferential expression analysis  aExpressão gênica  aReação da cadeia de polimerase  aSeparação da cabeça femoral  aSequenciamento de RNA  aTranscriptoma da cartilagem do fêmur1 aIBELLI, A. M. G.1 aSAVOLDI, I. R.1 aMARCELINO, D. E. P.1 aFERNANDES, L. T.1 aPEIXOTO, J. O.1 aCANTAO, M. E.1 aHIGA, R. H.1 aGIACHETTO, P. F.1 aCOUTINHO, L. L.1 aLEDUR, M. C.  tScientific Reportsgv. 11, n. 1, p. 1-13. 2021.