02279naa a2200229 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400550006010000160011524501230013126000090025430000100026352015440027365000210181765300280183865300330186665300160189965300410191565300320195670000210198877300400200921337662021-08-20       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.1266742DOI1 aALTHOFF, D.  aGoodness-of-fit criteria for hydrological modelsbModel calibration and performance assessment.h[electronic resource]  c2021  a15 p.  aABSTRACT This study provides guidelines for the selection of proper goodness-of-fit criteria for the calibration and evaluation of hydrological models. Popular goodness-of-fit criteria and good practices for hydrological modeling are reviewed. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several criteria and is followed by a case study that focuses on the review?s main findings. The main recommendation is for hydrologists to avoid using threshold values to assess model performance and preferably set a proper benchmark series. The case study was developed using the GR5J hydrological model and data from 179 watersheds in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Several single- and multi-objective functions are used in optimization runs to assess the outcome for different goodness-of-fit criteria. The model performance is evaluated for each optimization run considering overall conditions, i.e., entire time series, and conditions under low- and peak-flow conditions. The study case reinforces that the popular Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index should be avoided as an objective function. Alternatively, the Kling-Gupta efficiency index showed to be a more reliable criterion, resulting in lower bias for both calibration and validation, and balanced results for both low- and peak-flow conditions. Additionally, combining different criteria in multi-objective functions can result in robust trade-offs. General guidelines are summarized and additional emphasis is given to tropical watersheds where low flows deserve due attention.  aRecurso Hídrico  aAssinatura hidrológica  aBacia hidrográfica tropical  aModelo GR5J  aOtimização de enxame de particulas  aOtimização multi-objetivo1 aRODRIGUES, L. N.  tJournal of Hydrologygv. 600, 2021.