01938naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400580006010000220011824501590014026000090029952010140030865000130132265000150133565000210135065000130137165000170138465300200140165300140142165300210143570000200145670000250147670000260150170000220152770000230154977300760157221336062021-08-16       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984- 70332020v20n3a482DOI1 aFONSECA, J. M. O.  aPredictive approach to optimize the number of visual graders for indirect selection of highyielding Urochloa ruziziensis genotypes.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aForage plant breeders often use visual scores to assess agronomic traits because of the costs associated with in-depth phenotyping in the initial stages of breeding cycles. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the number of graders on the effectiveness of indirect selection of high-yielding genotypes and determine an optimal number of graders in the early-stage trials of Urochloa ruziziensis. For that purpose, five graders assessed 2.219 U. ruziziensis genotypes in an augmented block design. Biomass production and vigor scores were evaluated in two cuts and were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach. Vigor scores were analyzed considering each grader?s score and the combinations of two, three, four, and five graders. Genetic variance was significant for both traits. Visual evaluation was effective in identifying productive genotypes based on the statistical criteria. The optimal number of graders for indirect selection of high-yielding U. ruziziensis genotypes is three.  aAccuracy  aBrachiaria  aCapim Brachiaria  aForragem  aMelhoramento  aForage breeding  aPrecisão  aVisual selection1 aNUNES, J. A. R.1 aGONÇALVES, F. M. A.1 aSOUZA SOBRINHO, F. de1 aBENITES, F. R. G.1 aTEIXEIRA, D. H. L.  tCrop Breeding and Applied Biotechnologygv. 20, n. 3, e329220314, 2020.