03117naa a2200397 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400520007410000220012624501690014826000090031752018580032665000230218465000300220765000160223765000240225365000170227765000180229465000290231265000180234165000350235965000160239465300150241065300210242570000260244670000170247270000290248970000170251870000170253570000220255270000260257470000200260070000160262077300830263621255362020-10-15       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1573-09727 ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02882-72DOI1 aREZENDE, L. C. de  aOptimizing mass production of Trichoderma asperelloides by submerged liquid fermentation and its antagonism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aAbstract: Commercial products based on Trichoderma are obtained mainly from solid-state fermentation. Submerged liquid fermentation is the most appropriate method compared to the solid medium for large-scale production of Trichoderma spp. The present study aimed to optimize the combination of key variables that influence the liquid fermentation process of Trichoderma asperelloides LQC-96 for conidial production coupled with its efficiency in the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In addition, we verified whether the optimized culture conditions can be used for the conidial production of Trichoderma erinaceum T-12 and T-18 and Trichoderma harzianum T-15. Fermentation studies were performed in shake flasks following a planned experimental design to reduce the number of tests and consumable costs. The effect of temperature, pH, photoperiod, carbon:nitrogen ratio and water activity on conidial production were assessed, which of pH was the only meaningful factor contributing to increased conidial production of T. asperelloides LQC-96. From the five variables studied initially, pH and C:N ratio were further used in the second design (rotational central composite design-RCCD). Hence, the best conditions for the production of T. asperelloides LQC-96 conidia by liquid fermentation consisted of initial pH of 3.5, C:N ratio of 200:1 at 30 °C, without glycerol, and under 24 h photoperiod. The highest conidial concentration was observed after seven days of fermentation. Under these optimal conditions, T. erinaceum T-12 and T-18, and T. harzianum T-15 were also cultivated, but only LQC-96 efficiently parasitized S. sclerotiorum, precluding sclerotium myceliogenic germination. Our findings propose optimal fermentation conditions that maximize conidial production of T. asperelloides as a potential biofungicide against S. sclerotiorum.  aBiological control  aBiological control agents  aBioreactors  aExperimental design  aMass rearing  aMolds (fungi)  aSolid state fermentation  aFermentação  aFungo Para Controle Biológico  aTrichoderma  aShite mold  aSubmerged spores1 aCARVALHO, A. L. de A.1 aCOSTA, L. B.1 aHALFELD-VIEIRA, B. de A.1 aSILVA, L. G.1 aPINTO. Z. V.1 aMORANDI, M. A. B.1 aMEDEIROS, F. H. V. de1 aMASCARIN, G. M.1 aBETTIOL, W.  tWorld Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnologygv. 36, n. 8, article 113, 2020.