02865naa a2200409 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400360007410000150011024501820012526000090030752017080031665000250202465000190204965000180206865000090208665000240209565000120211965000240213165000250215565000090218070000190218970000140220870000240222270000150224670000180226170000140227970000150229370000160230870000140232470000140233870000190235270000180237170000190238977300470240821074732020-04-20       2020    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1654-72097 a10.1007/s13280-019-01165-22DOI1 aRUMPEL, C.  aThe 4p1000 initiativebopportunities, limitations and challenges for implementing soil organic carbon sequestration as a sustainable development strategy.h[electronic resource]  c2020  aClimate change adaptation, mitigation and foodsecurity may be addressed at the same time by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration through environmentally sound land management practices. This is promoted by the "4 per 1000" Initiative, a multi-stakeholder platform aiming at increasing SOC storage through sustainable practices. The scientific and technical committee of the Initiative is working to identifyindicators, research priorities and region-specific practices needed for their implementation. The Initiative received its name due to the global importance of soils for climate change, which can be illustrated by a thought experiment showing that an annual growth rate of only 0.4% of the standing global SOC stocks would have the potential to counter balance the current increase in atmospheric CO2. However, there are numerous barriers to the rise in SOC stocks and while SOC sequestration can contribute to partly offsetting greenhouse gas emissions, its main benefits are related to increased soil quality and climate change adaptation. The Initiative provides a collaborative platform for policy makers, practitioners, scientists and stakeholders to engage in finding solutions. Criticism of the Initiative has been related to the poor definition of its numerical target, which was not understood as an aspirational goal. The objective of this paper is to present the aims of the initiative, to discuss critical issues and to present challenges for its implementation. We identify barriers, risks and trade-offs and advocate for collaboration between multiple parties in order to stimulate innovationand to initiate the transition of agricultural systems toward sustainability.  aCarbon sequestration  aClimate change  aFood security  aSoil  aSoil organic carbon  aCarbono  aMudança Climática  aSegurança Alimentar  aSolo1 aAMIRASLANI, F.1 aCHENU, C.1 aGARCIA CARDENAS, M.1 aKAONGA, M.1 aKOUTIKA, L-S.1 aLADHA, J.1 aMADARI, B.1 aSHIRATO, Y.1 aSMITH, P.1 aSOUDI, B.1 aSOUSSANA, J-F.1 aWHITEHEAD, D.1 aWOLLENBERG, E.  tAmbiogv. 49, n. 1, p. 350-360, Jan. 2020.