03116naa a2200289 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400540006010000180011424501390013226000090027152022110028065000260249165000190251765000190253665300250255570000200258070000160260070000200261670000200263670000200265670000170267670000190269370000210271270000240273377300690275721035932021-11-11       2018    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.0232DOI1 aMATTOS, B. B.  aA peptidogalactomannan isolated from Cladosporium herbarum induces defense-related genes in BY-2 tobacco cells.h[electronic resource]  c2018  aCladosporium herbarum is a plant pathogen associated with passion fruit scab and mild diseases in pea and soybean. In this study, a peptidogalactomannan (pGM) of C. herbarum mycelium was isolated and structurally characterized, and its role in plant-fungus interactions was evaluated. C. herbarum pGM is composed of carbohydrates (76%) and contains mannose, galactose and glucose as its main monosaccharides (molar ratio, 52:36:12). Methylation and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13-NMR) spectroscopy analysis have shown the presence of a main chain containing (1 -&gt 6)-linked a-D-Manp residues, and beta-D-Galf residues are present as (1 -&gt 5)-interlinked side chains. beta-Galactofuranose containing similar structures were characterized by our group in A. fumigants, A. versicolor, A. flavus and C. resinae. Tobacco BY-2 cells were used as a model system to address the question of the role of C. herbarum pGM in cell viability and induction of the expression of plant defense-related genes. Native and partially acid hydrolyzed pGMs (lacking galactofuranosyl side-chain residues) were incubated with BY-2 cell suspensions at different concentrations. Cell viability drastically decreased after exposure to more than 400 mu g ml(-1) pGM; however no cell viability effect was observed after exposure to a partially acid hydrolyzed pGM. BY-2 cell contact with pGM strongly induce the expression of plant defense-related genes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and lipoxygenase (LOX), as well as the pathogen-related PR-l alpha, PR-2 and PR-3 genes, suggesting that pGM activates defense responses in tobacco cells. Interestingly, contact with partially hydrolyzed pGM also induced defense related gene expression at earlier times than native pGM. These results show that the side chains of the (1 -&gt 5) linked beta-D-galactofuranosyl units from pGM play an important role in the first line fungus-plant interactions mediating plant responses against C. herbarum. In addition, it was observed that pGM and/or C. herbarum conidia are able to induced HR when in contact with tobacco leaves and in vitro plantlets roots, producing necrotic lesions and peroxidase and NO burst, respectively.  aCladosporium herbarum  aDefesa Vegetal  aGlicoproteína  aPeptidogalactomannan1 aMONTEBIANCO, C.1 aROMANEL, E.1 aSILVA, T. da F.1 aBERNABÉ, R. B.1 aSIMAS-TOSIN, F.1 aSOUZA, L. M.1 aSASSAKI, G. L.1 aVASLIN, M. F. S.1 aBARRETO-BERGTER, E.  tPlant Physiology and Biochemistrygv. 126, p. 206-216, May 2018.