02947naa a2200397 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000190010924501900012826000090031852017220032765000150204965000190206465000240208365000210210765000230212865000140215165000210216565000140218665000260220065000230222665000120224965300240226165300330228565300200231870000140233870000210235270000280237370000170240170000180241870000220243670000230245877300680248120821362023-02-24       2017    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1573-29327 a10.1007/s11270-017-3506-22DOI1 aJONSSON, C. M.  aHerbicide mixtures from usual practice in sugarcane cropbevaluation of oxidative stress and histopathological effects in the tropical fish Oreochromis niloticus.h[electronic resource]  c2017  aSugarcane is one of the world?s most important commodities. In order to control weeds in the plantations and increase productivity, the mixing of different herbicides during spraying operations is commonplace. This practice is unregulated, and the impact on water quality and nontarget tropical species is poorly understood. In the present work, exposure and recovery assays were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activity and histopathological alterations in the liver of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following exposure to mixtures of the herbicides widely used in sugarcane crops: ametryn (AMT), tebuthiuron (TBUT), diuron (DIU), and hexazinone (HZN). The greatest biochemical changes were observed for the mixture (DIU+HZN)+AMT+TBUT at the highest concentration tested (1/10 96hLC50). This mixture caused a significant increase (p &lt 0.01) of approximately 82% in GST activity after 14 days of exposure. For three of the mixtures evaluated, GST and CAT could be considered potential biochemical biomarkers of exposure to the herbicide mixtures due to the frequency, intensity, and statistical significance of alterations in the assimilation phase. Although morphological changes were evident in the hepatic tissue, severe damage was only noted in a few samples, and there were no statistically significant differences, relative to the control. The results of hepatic lesion recovery assays suggested that the most sensitive individuals affected by the xenobiotics were unable to achieve full recovery. It is anticipated that the data obtained may assist in the selection of biomarkers for monitoring purposes, as well as in reinforcing standards of conduct in the use of agrochemical mixtures in agriculture.  aBiomarkers  aHepatotoxicity  aNontarget organisms  aOxidative stress  aPesticide mixtures  aSugarcane  aCana de açúcar  aHerbicida  aOreochromis Niloticus  aTilápia nilótica  aToxidez  aAntioxidant enzymes  aHistopathological biomarkers  aLong-term assay1 aARANA, S.1 aFERRACINI, V. L.1 aQUEIROZ, S. C. do N. de1 aCLEMENTE, Z.1 aVALLIM, J. H.1 aMAIA, A. de H. N.1 aMOURA, M. A. M. de  tWater, Air, & Soil Pollutiongv. 228, n. 11, article 332, 2017.