02549naa a2200253 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400360007410000230011024501300013326000090026352017620027265000230203465000220205765000140207965000120209365000230210565000130212865300260214165300310216770000260219877300710222420715572017-06-27       2017    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a0167-88097 a10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.0402DOI1 aSOUZA, J. E. B. de  aImproving sustainability of common bean production systems by co-inoculating rhizobia and azospirilla.h[electronic resource]  c2017  aCommon bean is likely the most important grain legume on population feeding for developing countries worldwide. With a natural ability to establish symbiosis with rhizobia, the inoculation technology is poorly exploited, especially in co-inoculation with others plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. This work aimed to determine the agronomical performance of common bean co-inoculated with Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasiliense. A set of seven field experiments were carried out for three consecutive years in experimental areas and, majorly in commercial farms. Treatments consisted of non-inoculated control (NI), N-fertilizer treatment (NfT), single inoculation of R. tropici (Rt), R. tropici + one dose of A. brasiliense on seed (Rt+Ab1s), R. tropici + two doses of A. brasiliense on seed (Rt+Ab2s), R. tropici + two doses of A. brasiliense sprayed on plants (Rt+Ab2p) and R. tropici + three doses of A. brasiliense sprayed on plants (Rt+Ab3p). Evaluations were based on the nodule number (NN), nodule dry weight (NDW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (MSPA), grain yield (GY), relative grain yield to NfT treatment (RGY: NfT) and relative grain yield to Rt treatment. The average of seven field experiments showed an increase of about 9%, 25%, 35% and 31% in NN, NDW, RDW and SDW, respectively as compared to Rt treatment. These increases over nodulation and plant growth resulted in a GY about 3200 kg ha -1, representing an increase in GY of about 5% and 26% as compared to NfT and Rt treatments, respectively. The results indicate the feasibility of using rhizobia and azospirilla co-inoculation in commercial farms as an efficient technology in replacing N-fertilizers, helping to save expenses and preventing environmental risks.  aGrowth performance  aNitrogen fixation  aSymbiosis  aFeijão  aPhaseolus vulgaris  aSimbiose  aFixação nitrogênio  aPlant-bacteria interaction1 aFERREIRA, E. P. de B.  tAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environmentgv. 237, p. 250-257, 2017.