02199naa a2200301 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000190006024501410007926000090022052013550022965000110158465000140159565000160160965000140162565000240163965300120166365300110167565300160168665300090170265300150171165300150172665300190174170000210176070000210178170000240180277300710182610104992016-07-08       1991    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aCAMPANHOLA, C.  aBiological constraints associated with resistance to pyrethroids in the tobacco budworm (LepidopterabNoctuidae).h[electronic resource]  c1991  aTests were conducted to detect reasons for the loss pyrethroid resistance which occurs in laboratory and field strains of the tobbaco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) in the absence of continous exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Larvae of a resistant strain (ICI) maintained in the laboratory developed more slowly than larvae of a susceptible laboratory strain. ICI females were less fertile and produced fewer eggs per individual than susceptible females in field tests. In addition, ICI females produced significantly less pheromone and attacted fewer males than did susceptible females. Field-colleted susceptible females mated more frequently than filed-colleted resistant females; field-colleted susceptible males were more attacted to pheromone traps thanfield-colleted resistant males. These results indicate that biological constraints are associated with pyretrhoid resistance in the tobacco budworn. Based on the origin and biochemistry of the insects tested, it was concluded that the differences in fecundity are probably associated with metabolic resistance to pyrethroids and that the deficits in reproductive sucess are probably associated with target site resistance to pyrethroids. These constraints may play a major role in pyrethroid resistance management programs which are based on avoidance use early in the growing season.  acotton  afecundity  aLepidoptera  aNoctuidae  aHeliothis Virescens  aBiology  aInsect  aInsecticide  aPest  aPyrethroid  aResistance  aSusceptibility1 aMcCUTCHEN, B. F.1 aBAEHRECKE, E. H.1 aPLAPP JUNIOR, F. W.  tJournal of Economic Entomologygv.84, n.5, p.1404-1411, Oct. 1991.