03167naa a2200301 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000140006024500930007426000090016730000160017649000380019252022590023065000170248965300280250665300250253465300210255970000180258070000160259870000190261470000170263370000170265070000220266770000200268970000190270970000220272877301150275020147092017-06-22       2012    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aPORRO, R.  aAgroforestry in the Amazon Regionba pathway for balancing conservation and development.  c2012  ap. 391-428.  a(Advances in agroforestry, v. 9).  aThis chapter argues for a broader conceptual domain provided by agroforestry practices as a key pathway for the reorientation of agricultural systems in the Amazon toward modes of production that combine productivity and sustainability. A contextualization of the multiple expressions of current agroforestry development in the Amazon shows that, contrasting with homegardens and shifting cultivation, ubiquitous in the region, planned or organized agroforestry systems are still minor elements of the agricultural landscape, often arising from farmers? experimentation or resulting from initiatives funded by international cooperation. A ?multichain? approach focusing on both established markets as well as ?secondary chains? is suggested as a pathway for agroforestry to go beyond subsistence toward income generation and to reduce the constraints faced by Amazon farmers to intensify land use. The costs and risks presented by practices leading to intensi fi cation, aggravated by problems in regional infrastructure, limited access to adequate technical and fi nancial services, and insecure land tenure require equitable development policies and programs to support such initiatives. A stronger policy identity for agroforestry in the region should thus recognize the provision of both economic goods and ecosystem services, and this chapter argues that given the carbon stored in agroforestry systems, the framework of environmental international agreements is an opportunity to combine environmental and livelihood bene fi ts through the design, promotion, and dissemination of agroforestry strategies. A review of policies that can in fl uence adoption of sustainable land use systems in the Amazon region attests their operation in a fragmented manner. These policies must be set as a cohesive whole, being agroforestry the common thread to support and link initiatives to reduce poverty and hunger, curb deforestation and CO 2 emissions, and to mitigate climate change. Agroforestry will be then an effective strategy to bridge gaps between policies, and particularly in linking environmental opportunities with economic realities, while enhancing the livelihoods of smallholders, traditional communities, and indigenous peoples in the Amazon.  aUso da Terra  aPolítica agroflorestal  aServiços ambientais  aSustentabilidade1 aMILLER, R. P.1 aTITO, M. R.1 aDONOVAN, J. A.1 aVIVAN, J. L.1 aTRANCOSO, R.1 aKANTEN, R. F. van1 aGRIJALVA, J. E.1 aRAMIREZ, B. L.1 aGONÇALVES, A. L.  tIn: NAIR, P. K. R.; GARRITY, D. (Ed.). Agroforestry: the future of global land use. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.