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| Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cpatu.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
Registro Completo |
Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. |
Data corrente: |
21/08/2006 |
Data da última atualização: |
28/11/2022 |
Autoria: |
LEWIS, S. L.; PHILLIPS, O. L.; BAKER, T. R.; LLOYD, J.; MALHI, Y.; ALMEIDA, S.; HIGUCHI, N.; LAURANCE, W. F.; NEILL, D. A.; SILVA, J. N. M.; TERBORGH, J.; LEZAMA, A. T.; VÁSQUEZ MARTÍNEZ, R.; BROWN, S.; CHAVE, J.; KUEBLER, C.; NÚÑEZ VARGAS, P.; VINCETI, B. |
Afiliação: |
JOSÉ NATALINO MACEDO SILVA, CPATU. |
Título: |
Concerted changes in tropical forest structure and dynamics: evidence from 50 South American long-term plots. |
Ano de publicação: |
2004 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Philippine Transactions of Royal Society of London, B, v. 359, n. 1443, p. 421-436, 2004. |
DOI: |
10.1098/rstb.2003.1431 |
Idioma: |
Inglês |
Conteúdo: |
Several widespread changes in the ecology of old?growth tropical forests have recently been documented for the late twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem turnover (pan?tropical), and an increase in above?ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not known. We analysed stand?level changes within 50 long?term monitoring plots from across South America spanning 1971?2002. We show that: (i) basal area (BA: sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees in a plot) increased significantly over time (by 0.10 ±; 0.04 m2 ha−1 yr−1, mean ± 95%CI) as did both (ii) stand?level BA growth rates (sum of the increments of BA of surviving trees and BA of new trees that recruited into a plot); and (iii) stand?level BA mortality rates (sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees that died in a plot). Similar patterns were observed on a per?stem basis: (i) stem density (number of stems per hectare; 1 hectare is 104 m2) increased significantly over time (0.94 ± 0.63 stems ha−1 yr−1); as did both (ii) stem recruitment rates; and (iii) stem mortality rates. In relative terms, the pools of BA and stem density increased by 0.38 ± 0.15% and 0.18 ± 0.12% yr−1, respectively. The fluxes into and out of these pools?stand?level BA growth, stand?level BA mortality, stem recruitment and stem mortality rates?increased, in relative terms, by an order of magnitude more. The gain terms (BA growth, stem recruitment) consistently exceeded the loss terms (BA loss, stem mortality) throughout the period, suggesting that whatever process is driving these changes was already acting before the plot network was established. Large long?term increases in stand?level BA growth and simultaneous increases in stand BA and stem density imply a continent?wide increase in resource availability which is increasing net primary productivity and altering forest dynamics. Continent?wide changes in incoming solar radiation, and increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and air temperatures may have increased resource supply over recent decades, thus causing accelerated growth and increased dynamism across the world's largest tract of tropical forest. MenosSeveral widespread changes in the ecology of old?growth tropical forests have recently been documented for the late twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem turnover (pan?tropical), and an increase in above?ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not known. We analysed stand?level changes within 50 long?term monitoring plots from across South America spanning 1971?2002. We show that: (i) basal area (BA: sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees in a plot) increased significantly over time (by 0.10 ±; 0.04 m2 ha−1 yr−1, mean ± 95%CI) as did both (ii) stand?level BA growth rates (sum of the increments of BA of surviving trees and BA of new trees that recruited into a plot); and (iii) stand?level BA mortality rates (sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees that died in a plot). Similar patterns were observed on a per?stem basis: (i) stem density (number of stems per hectare; 1 hectare is 104 m2) increased significantly over time (0.94 ± 0.63 stems ha−1 yr−1); as did both (ii) stem recruitment rates; and (iii) stem mortality rates. In relative terms, the pools of BA and stem density increased by 0.38 ± 0.15% and 0.18 ± 0.12% yr−1, respectively. The fluxes into and out of these pools?stand?level BA growth, stand?level BA mortality, stem recruitment and stem mortality rates?increased, in relative terms, by an order of magnitude more. The gain terms (BA... Mostrar Tudo |
Palavras-Chave: |
Brasil. |
Thesagro: |
Biomassa; Carbono; Desenvolvimento Florestal; Floresta Tropical; Mortalidade. |
Thesaurus Nal: |
Amazonia. |
Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
Marc: |
LEADER 03453naa a2200421 a 4500 001 1408525 005 2022-11-28 008 2004 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d 024 7 $a10.1098/rstb.2003.1431$2DOI 100 1 $aLEWIS, S. L. 245 $aConcerted changes in tropical forest structure and dynamics$bevidence from 50 South American long-term plots.$h[electronic resource] 260 $c2004 520 $aSeveral widespread changes in the ecology of old?growth tropical forests have recently been documented for the late twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem turnover (pan?tropical), and an increase in above?ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not known. We analysed stand?level changes within 50 long?term monitoring plots from across South America spanning 1971?2002. We show that: (i) basal area (BA: sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees in a plot) increased significantly over time (by 0.10 ±; 0.04 m2 ha−1 yr−1, mean ± 95%CI) as did both (ii) stand?level BA growth rates (sum of the increments of BA of surviving trees and BA of new trees that recruited into a plot); and (iii) stand?level BA mortality rates (sum of the cross?sectional areas of all trees that died in a plot). Similar patterns were observed on a per?stem basis: (i) stem density (number of stems per hectare; 1 hectare is 104 m2) increased significantly over time (0.94 ± 0.63 stems ha−1 yr−1); as did both (ii) stem recruitment rates; and (iii) stem mortality rates. In relative terms, the pools of BA and stem density increased by 0.38 ± 0.15% and 0.18 ± 0.12% yr−1, respectively. The fluxes into and out of these pools?stand?level BA growth, stand?level BA mortality, stem recruitment and stem mortality rates?increased, in relative terms, by an order of magnitude more. The gain terms (BA growth, stem recruitment) consistently exceeded the loss terms (BA loss, stem mortality) throughout the period, suggesting that whatever process is driving these changes was already acting before the plot network was established. Large long?term increases in stand?level BA growth and simultaneous increases in stand BA and stem density imply a continent?wide increase in resource availability which is increasing net primary productivity and altering forest dynamics. Continent?wide changes in incoming solar radiation, and increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and air temperatures may have increased resource supply over recent decades, thus causing accelerated growth and increased dynamism across the world's largest tract of tropical forest. 650 $aAmazonia 650 $aBiomassa 650 $aCarbono 650 $aDesenvolvimento Florestal 650 $aFloresta Tropical 650 $aMortalidade 653 $aBrasil 700 1 $aPHILLIPS, O. L. 700 1 $aBAKER, T. R. 700 1 $aLLOYD, J. 700 1 $aMALHI, Y. 700 1 $aALMEIDA, S. 700 1 $aHIGUCHI, N. 700 1 $aLAURANCE, W. F. 700 1 $aNEILL, D. A. 700 1 $aSILVA, J. N. M. 700 1 $aTERBORGH, J. 700 1 $aLEZAMA, A. T. 700 1 $aVÁSQUEZ MARTÍNEZ, R. 700 1 $aBROWN, S. 700 1 $aCHAVE, J. 700 1 $aKUEBLER, C. 700 1 $aNÚÑEZ VARGAS, P. 700 1 $aVINCETI, B. 773 $tPhilippine Transactions of Royal Society of London, B$gv. 359, n. 1443, p. 421-436, 2004.
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Registro Completo
Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste. |
Data corrente: |
03/08/2022 |
Data da última atualização: |
08/11/2023 |
Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
Circulação/Nível: |
A - 1 |
Autoria: |
BARRETO, A. DO N.; BARIONI JUNIOR, W.; PEZZOPANE, J. R. M.; BERNARDI, A. C. de C.; PEDROSO, A. de F.; MARCONDES, C. R.; JACINTO, M. A. C.; ROMANELLO, N.; SOUSA, M. A. P. DE; COSTA, L. N.; GARCIA, A. R. |
Afiliação: |
ANDREA DO NASCIMENTO BARRETO, UFPA - Castanhal-PA; WALDOMIRO BARIONI JUNIOR, CPPSE; JOSE RICARDO MACEDO PEZZOPANE, CPPSE; ALBERTO CARLOS DE CAMPOS BERNARDI, CPPSE; ANDRE DE FARIA PEDROSO, CPPSE; CINTIA RIGHETTI MARCONDES, CPPSE; MANUEL ANTONIO CHAGAS JACINTHO, CPPSE; NARIAN ROMANELLO, USP-FMVZ; MARCO ANTONIO PAULA DE SOUSA, UFPA - Castanhal-PA; LEONARDO NANNI COSTA, University of Bologna; ALEXANDRE ROSSETTO GARCIA, CPPSE. |
Título: |
Thermal comfort and behavior of beef cattle in pasture-based systems monitored by visual observation and electronic device. |
Ano de publicação: |
2022 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v. 253, aug. 2022, 105687. |
Páginas: |
17 p. |
DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105687 |
Idioma: |
Inglês |
Conteúdo: |
Understanding how the bioclimatic factors influence the animals homeothermy and behavior is essential to implement good practices for tropical livestock. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of the arboreal component in pasture production systems in a tropical environment on thermal comfort and to analyze the influence of the integrated crop-livestock-forestry system on the behavior of beef cattle. The study was carried out in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, region of tropical altitude subtype, for 13 months. Sixty-four Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) non-castrated males (26 months; 358 kg LW) were allocated to production systems with pastures in full sun (Group FS; n = 32) or with forested pastures (Group ICLF; n = 32). The microclimate of the pastures was permanently monitored by weather stations. The behavior of the animals was assessed through an observational method in monthly campaigns and a continuous electronic monitoring method based on the use of an accelerometer and acoustic sensor coupled to collars. Higher means of the black globe temperature index were registered in the morning and the afternoon, with a very challenging condition for the animals during the spring and summers, especially for the Group FS. The observational results showed that animals in the Group FS grazed longer in the morning than animals in the Group ICL, mainly in the warmer seasons (P < 0.05). The animals in FS remained lying down longer than the animals kept in the ICLF system, during rumination or resting (P < 0.05). The animals in the Group ICLF preferred the use of shaded areas within the forested system and their frequency of visits to the drinking fountain was reduced in the morning (−55 %) and afternoon (−26 %) shifts. Electronic monitoring showed that animals, regardless of the production system, spent 38.4 % of their time resting, 32.6 % in displacement, and 29.0 % in rumination. The animals in FS had a higher displacement time at night and dawn, and less time resting at night (22:00 h and 23:00 h) and dawn (2:00 h to 6:00 h), which affected their circadian rhythm and restricted the time devoted to restorative effects of rest. Therefore, the use of the arboreal component proved to be beneficial for obtaining a more favorable microclimate for raising cattle on pasture, being useful for increasing animal thermal comfort and for the expression of behavioral attitudes favorable to the maintenance of homeothermy in a tropical environment. MenosUnderstanding how the bioclimatic factors influence the animals homeothermy and behavior is essential to implement good practices for tropical livestock. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of the arboreal component in pasture production systems in a tropical environment on thermal comfort and to analyze the influence of the integrated crop-livestock-forestry system on the behavior of beef cattle. The study was carried out in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, region of tropical altitude subtype, for 13 months. Sixty-four Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) non-castrated males (26 months; 358 kg LW) were allocated to production systems with pastures in full sun (Group FS; n = 32) or with forested pastures (Group ICLF; n = 32). The microclimate of the pastures was permanently monitored by weather stations. The behavior of the animals was assessed through an observational method in monthly campaigns and a continuous electronic monitoring method based on the use of an accelerometer and acoustic sensor coupled to collars. Higher means of the black globe temperature index were registered in the morning and the afternoon, with a very challenging condition for the animals during the spring and summers, especially for the Group FS. The observational results showed that animals in the Group FS grazed longer in the morning than animals in the Group ICL, mainly in the warmer seasons (P < 0.05). The animals in FS remained lyi... Mostrar Tudo |
Palavras-Chave: |
Bovine; ICLF; ILPF; Integrated systems; Precision livestock farming. |
Thesaurus NAL: |
Animal welfare. |
Categoria do assunto: |
L Ciência Animal e Produtos de Origem Animal |
Marc: |
LEADER 03588naa a2200337 a 4500 001 2145190 005 2023-11-08 008 2022 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d 024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105687$2DOI 100 1 $aBARRETO, A. DO N. 245 $aThermal comfort and behavior of beef cattle in pasture-based systems monitored by visual observation and electronic device.$h[electronic resource] 260 $c2022 300 $a17 p. 520 $aUnderstanding how the bioclimatic factors influence the animals homeothermy and behavior is essential to implement good practices for tropical livestock. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of the incorporation of the arboreal component in pasture production systems in a tropical environment on thermal comfort and to analyze the influence of the integrated crop-livestock-forestry system on the behavior of beef cattle. The study was carried out in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, region of tropical altitude subtype, for 13 months. Sixty-four Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus) non-castrated males (26 months; 358 kg LW) were allocated to production systems with pastures in full sun (Group FS; n = 32) or with forested pastures (Group ICLF; n = 32). The microclimate of the pastures was permanently monitored by weather stations. The behavior of the animals was assessed through an observational method in monthly campaigns and a continuous electronic monitoring method based on the use of an accelerometer and acoustic sensor coupled to collars. Higher means of the black globe temperature index were registered in the morning and the afternoon, with a very challenging condition for the animals during the spring and summers, especially for the Group FS. The observational results showed that animals in the Group FS grazed longer in the morning than animals in the Group ICL, mainly in the warmer seasons (P < 0.05). The animals in FS remained lying down longer than the animals kept in the ICLF system, during rumination or resting (P < 0.05). The animals in the Group ICLF preferred the use of shaded areas within the forested system and their frequency of visits to the drinking fountain was reduced in the morning (−55 %) and afternoon (−26 %) shifts. Electronic monitoring showed that animals, regardless of the production system, spent 38.4 % of their time resting, 32.6 % in displacement, and 29.0 % in rumination. The animals in FS had a higher displacement time at night and dawn, and less time resting at night (22:00 h and 23:00 h) and dawn (2:00 h to 6:00 h), which affected their circadian rhythm and restricted the time devoted to restorative effects of rest. Therefore, the use of the arboreal component proved to be beneficial for obtaining a more favorable microclimate for raising cattle on pasture, being useful for increasing animal thermal comfort and for the expression of behavioral attitudes favorable to the maintenance of homeothermy in a tropical environment. 650 $aAnimal welfare 653 $aBovine 653 $aICLF 653 $aILPF 653 $aIntegrated systems 653 $aPrecision livestock farming 700 1 $aBARIONI JUNIOR, W. 700 1 $aPEZZOPANE, J. R. M. 700 1 $aBERNARDI, A. C. de C. 700 1 $aPEDROSO, A. de F. 700 1 $aMARCONDES, C. R. 700 1 $aJACINTO, M. A. C. 700 1 $aROMANELLO, N. 700 1 $aSOUSA, M. A. P. DE 700 1 $aCOSTA, L. N. 700 1 $aGARCIA, A. R. 773 $tApplied Animal Behaviour Science$gv. 253, aug. 2022, 105687.
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