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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Meio Ambiente. |
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Data corrente: |
22/11/2007 |
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Data da última atualização: |
07/12/2007 |
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Autoria: |
EHLER, L. E.; SFORZA, R.; MATEILLE, T. (ed.). |
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Título: |
Genetics, evolution and biological control. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2004 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Wallingford: CABI, 2004. |
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Páginas: |
260p. |
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ISBN: |
085199735X |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Edição de Proceedings of International Organization for Biological Control Symposium, realizado em Montpellier, France, 2002.
Inclui bibliografia e índice de assuntos. |
|
Conteúdo: |
Contents
Contributors
Preface
1 Genetic Structure of Natural Plant and Pathogen Populations
J. J. Burdon and P. H. Thrall
Introduction
Natural variation in host-pathogen associations
Disease resistance in plant populations in their native range
Variation in space--host-pathogen interactions as metapopulation
associations
Host and pathogen variation in new environments
What is the resistance structure of invasive host populations?
How important is continuing natural selection for the maintenance of
resistance in introduced populations?
How rapidly will resistance respond to the re-application of pathogen
selective pressures?
Improving biological control strategies
How do host and pathogen life history features and the environment
interact to determine the genetic basis of resistance?
What are the selective consequences of rapid versus slower declines in
population size?
Conclusions
References
2 Measuring Genetic Variation in Natural Enemies Used for Biological
Control: Why and How?
E. Wajnberg
Introduction
Why measure intra-population genetic variation in natural enemies?
Methods for measuring intra-population genetic variation
Parent-offspring regression
Sib analysis
Family analysis
Breeding selection
Intra-population genetic variation in insect parasitoids
What characters should be studied?
Conclusion
References
3 Molecular Systematics, Chalcidoidea and Biological Control
J. Heraty
Introduction
Genes of interest
Genetic divergence
Identification
Phylogenetics and their applications
Relationships of Chalcidoidea
Relationships within Chalcidoidea
Eucharitidae--competing morphological and molecular trees
Encarsia--unchallenged trees and the interpretation of change
Phylogeography and invasive agents
Cospeciation
Conclusion
References
4 Genetic Markers in Rust Fungi and Their Application to Weed Biocontrol
K. J. Evans and D. R. Gomez
Introduction
Rust fungi as biocontrol agents of weeds
Genetic markers in rust fungi
Pathotyping
Selecting molecular markers for population-genetic studies
Relative utility of some common DNA markers
Emerging technologies
Application of molecular markers in weed biocontrol
Investigating relationships between weed diversity and pathogen variation
The skeleton rust story
The blackberry rust story
Identifying the released pathogen with certainty
The musk thistle rust story
Identifying and monitoring the fate of the released pathogen strain with
certainty
Population genetics of rust fungi in relation to strain selection
Locating centres of diversity and evolutionary new associations
Conclusions
References
5 Tracing the Origin of Pests and Natural Enemies: Genetic and Statistical
Approaches
G. K. Roderick
Introduction
Problems and approaches
Patterns of spread
Invasion genetics
Types of genetic markers
Genealogies
Analysis of frequencies
Bioinformatics
Other methods
Discussion
Conclusions
References
6 Tracing the Origin of Cryptic Insect Pests and Vectors, and Their Natural
Enemies
J. K. Brown
Introduction
Application of phylogeographical analysis of insect pests and vectors, and
natural enemies
Genetic markers
Studies in which molecular markers have been employed for taxonomic
identification and tracking of cryptic Hemipterans
Invasion of the B biotype B. tabaci in the Americas and evidence for a
species complex
Phylogeographical matching between B. tabaci mitochondria COI
haplotypes and natural enemies from the same geographical origin
First demonstration that an invasive B. tabaci is associated with the
spread of severe cassava mosaic disease in east Africa
Upsurge of Myndus crudus, the vector of the phytoplasma inducing lethal
yellowing disease of palm and rapid disease spread following
Hurricane Mitch
Divergence of aphids on non-cultivated hosts: determining haplotypes and
plant hosts using a mitochondria marker
Tracking Mediterranean fruit fly introductions in California using
composite genotypes
Conclusions
References
7 Predicting Evolutionary Change in Invasive, Exotic Plants and its
Consequences for Plant-Herbivore Interactions
H. Müller-Schärer and T. Steinger
Introduction
Framework and scope of our study
Selection pressure in invaded habitats and expected selection on plant traits
Properties of invaded habitats
General traits associated with plant invaders
Traits related to competitors and antagonists
Caveats
Genetic variation in invasive plants
Reduced genetic variation in invasive plants?
Caveat: Low correlation between molecular and quantitative genetic
variation
Increased genetic variance through hybridization
Observed evolutionary response
Outlook
Emerging research topics
References
8 Experimental Evolution in Host-parasitoid Interactions
A. R. Kraaijeveld
Introduction
Field "experiments"
Experimental evolution in host-parasitoid systems
House flies
Drosophila
Discussion
Lack of genetic variation for resistance
Resistance is costly
Genotype x genotype interactions
Parasitoids can evolve
Selection pressures fluctuate in space and time
Concluding thoughts
References
9 Interactions Between Natural Enemies and Transgenic Insecticidal Crops
J. J. Obrycki, J. R. Ruberson and J. E. Losey
Introduction
Bacillus thuringiensis versus predators and parasites
Insect predators
Parasitoids
Field surveys of natural enemies in transgenic insecticidal fields
Predatory arthropods
Parasitoids
Insect pathogens
Risks and benefits of transgenic insecticidal crops for natural enemies
Conclusions
References
10 The GMO Guidelines Project: Development of International Scientific
Environmental Biosafety Testing Guidelines for Transgenic Plants
A. Hilbeck
Introduction
Needs assessment
Plant characterization
Non-target and biodiversity effects
Gene flow and its consequences
Resistance management
Conclusion
References
11 Genetic Manipulation of Natural Enemies: Can We Improve Biological
Control by Manipulating the Parasitoid and/or the Plant?
G. M. Poppy and W. Powell
Introduction
Genetic manipulation
Genetic manipulation of parasitoids
Parasitoid manipulation via the plant
Conclusions
References
12 Sex-ratio Distorters and Other Selfish Genetic Elements: Implications for
Biological Control
R. Stouthamer
Introduction
Overview of sex-ratio distorters and their potential application
Female-biasing sex-ratio distorters
Male-biasing sex-ratio distorters
Application of PSR factors in biocontrol
Other heritable bacteria of importance to biological control
Cytoplasmic imcompatiblity inducing Wolbachia
Detection of sex-ratio distorters and CI-Wolbachia in natural enemies
Discussion
References
Index MenosContents
Contributors
Preface
1 Genetic Structure of Natural Plant and Pathogen Populations
J. J. Burdon and P. H. Thrall
Introduction
Natural variation in host-pathogen associations
Disease resistance in plant populations in their native range
Variation in space--host-pathogen interactions as metapopulation
associations
Host and pathogen variation in new environments
What is the resistance structure of invasive host populations?
How important is continuing natural selection for the maintenance of
resistance in introduced populations?
How rapidly will resistance respond to the re-application of pathogen
selective pressures?
Improving biological control strategies
How do host and pathogen life history features and the environment
interact to determine the genetic basis of resistance?
What are the selective consequences of rapid versus slower declines in
population size?
Conclusions
References
2 Measuring Genetic Variation in Natural Enemies Used for Biological
Control: Why and How?
E. Wajnberg
Introduction
Why measure intra-population genetic variation in natural enemies?
Methods for measuring intra-population genetic variation
Parent-offspring regression
Sib analysis
Family analysis
Breeding selection
Intra-population genetic variation in insect parasitoids
What characters should be studied?
Conclusion
References
3 Molecular Systematics, Chalcidoidea and Biological Control
J. Heraty
Introduction
Genes of interest
Gen... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Evolução. |
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Thesagro: |
Controle Biológico; Genética; Inimigo Natural; Marcador Genético; Patógeno; Planta Transgênica; Praga de Planta. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 07596nam a2200265 a 4500
001 1015355
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020 $a085199735X
100 1 $aEHLER, L. E.
245 $aGenetics, evolution and biological control.
260 $aWallingford: CABI$c2004
300 $a260p.
500 $aEdição de Proceedings of International Organization for Biological Control Symposium, realizado em Montpellier, France, 2002. Inclui bibliografia e índice de assuntos.
520 $aContents Contributors Preface 1 Genetic Structure of Natural Plant and Pathogen Populations J. J. Burdon and P. H. Thrall Introduction Natural variation in host-pathogen associations Disease resistance in plant populations in their native range Variation in space--host-pathogen interactions as metapopulation associations Host and pathogen variation in new environments What is the resistance structure of invasive host populations? How important is continuing natural selection for the maintenance of resistance in introduced populations? How rapidly will resistance respond to the re-application of pathogen selective pressures? Improving biological control strategies How do host and pathogen life history features and the environment interact to determine the genetic basis of resistance? What are the selective consequences of rapid versus slower declines in population size? Conclusions References 2 Measuring Genetic Variation in Natural Enemies Used for Biological Control: Why and How? E. Wajnberg Introduction Why measure intra-population genetic variation in natural enemies? Methods for measuring intra-population genetic variation Parent-offspring regression Sib analysis Family analysis Breeding selection Intra-population genetic variation in insect parasitoids What characters should be studied? Conclusion References 3 Molecular Systematics, Chalcidoidea and Biological Control J. Heraty Introduction Genes of interest Genetic divergence Identification Phylogenetics and their applications Relationships of Chalcidoidea Relationships within Chalcidoidea Eucharitidae--competing morphological and molecular trees Encarsia--unchallenged trees and the interpretation of change Phylogeography and invasive agents Cospeciation Conclusion References 4 Genetic Markers in Rust Fungi and Their Application to Weed Biocontrol K. J. Evans and D. R. Gomez Introduction Rust fungi as biocontrol agents of weeds Genetic markers in rust fungi Pathotyping Selecting molecular markers for population-genetic studies Relative utility of some common DNA markers Emerging technologies Application of molecular markers in weed biocontrol Investigating relationships between weed diversity and pathogen variation The skeleton rust story The blackberry rust story Identifying the released pathogen with certainty The musk thistle rust story Identifying and monitoring the fate of the released pathogen strain with certainty Population genetics of rust fungi in relation to strain selection Locating centres of diversity and evolutionary new associations Conclusions References 5 Tracing the Origin of Pests and Natural Enemies: Genetic and Statistical Approaches G. K. Roderick Introduction Problems and approaches Patterns of spread Invasion genetics Types of genetic markers Genealogies Analysis of frequencies Bioinformatics Other methods Discussion Conclusions References 6 Tracing the Origin of Cryptic Insect Pests and Vectors, and Their Natural Enemies J. K. Brown Introduction Application of phylogeographical analysis of insect pests and vectors, and natural enemies Genetic markers Studies in which molecular markers have been employed for taxonomic identification and tracking of cryptic Hemipterans Invasion of the B biotype B. tabaci in the Americas and evidence for a species complex Phylogeographical matching between B. tabaci mitochondria COI haplotypes and natural enemies from the same geographical origin First demonstration that an invasive B. tabaci is associated with the spread of severe cassava mosaic disease in east Africa Upsurge of Myndus crudus, the vector of the phytoplasma inducing lethal yellowing disease of palm and rapid disease spread following Hurricane Mitch Divergence of aphids on non-cultivated hosts: determining haplotypes and plant hosts using a mitochondria marker Tracking Mediterranean fruit fly introductions in California using composite genotypes Conclusions References 7 Predicting Evolutionary Change in Invasive, Exotic Plants and its Consequences for Plant-Herbivore Interactions H. Müller-Schärer and T. Steinger Introduction Framework and scope of our study Selection pressure in invaded habitats and expected selection on plant traits Properties of invaded habitats General traits associated with plant invaders Traits related to competitors and antagonists Caveats Genetic variation in invasive plants Reduced genetic variation in invasive plants? Caveat: Low correlation between molecular and quantitative genetic variation Increased genetic variance through hybridization Observed evolutionary response Outlook Emerging research topics References 8 Experimental Evolution in Host-parasitoid Interactions A. R. Kraaijeveld Introduction Field "experiments" Experimental evolution in host-parasitoid systems House flies Drosophila Discussion Lack of genetic variation for resistance Resistance is costly Genotype x genotype interactions Parasitoids can evolve Selection pressures fluctuate in space and time Concluding thoughts References 9 Interactions Between Natural Enemies and Transgenic Insecticidal Crops J. J. Obrycki, J. R. Ruberson and J. E. Losey Introduction Bacillus thuringiensis versus predators and parasites Insect predators Parasitoids Field surveys of natural enemies in transgenic insecticidal fields Predatory arthropods Parasitoids Insect pathogens Risks and benefits of transgenic insecticidal crops for natural enemies Conclusions References 10 The GMO Guidelines Project: Development of International Scientific Environmental Biosafety Testing Guidelines for Transgenic Plants A. Hilbeck Introduction Needs assessment Plant characterization Non-target and biodiversity effects Gene flow and its consequences Resistance management Conclusion References 11 Genetic Manipulation of Natural Enemies: Can We Improve Biological Control by Manipulating the Parasitoid and/or the Plant? G. M. Poppy and W. Powell Introduction Genetic manipulation Genetic manipulation of parasitoids Parasitoid manipulation via the plant Conclusions References 12 Sex-ratio Distorters and Other Selfish Genetic Elements: Implications for Biological Control R. Stouthamer Introduction Overview of sex-ratio distorters and their potential application Female-biasing sex-ratio distorters Male-biasing sex-ratio distorters Application of PSR factors in biocontrol Other heritable bacteria of importance to biological control Cytoplasmic imcompatiblity inducing Wolbachia Detection of sex-ratio distorters and CI-Wolbachia in natural enemies Discussion References Index
650 $aControle Biológico
650 $aGenética
650 $aInimigo Natural
650 $aMarcador Genético
650 $aPatógeno
650 $aPlanta Transgênica
650 $aPraga de Planta
653 $aEvolução
700 1 $aSFORZA, R.
700 1 $aMATEILLE, T.
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Embrapa Meio Ambiente (CNPMA) |
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