Data/hora: 24/06/2024 01:24:15

Biblioteca(s): | Embrapa Meio Ambiente.
Tipo da produção científica: | Artigo em Periódico Indexado
Circulação/Nível: | Internacional - A
Data corrente: | 14/01/2008
Data da última atualização: | 28/09/2015
Autoria: | SOLOMON, K. R.; ANADÓN, A.; CARRASQUILLA, G.; CERDEIRA, A. L.; MARSHALL, J.; SANIN, L.-H.
Afiliação: | Keith R. Solomon, University of Guelph; Arturo Anadón, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Gabriel Carrasquilla, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá; ANTONIO LUIZ CERDEIRA, CNPMA; Jon Marshall, Marshall Agroecology Limited; Luz-Helena Sanin, University of Toronto.
Título: | Coca and poppy eradication in Colombia: environmental and human health assessment of aerially applied glyphosate.
Ano de publicação: | 2007
Fonte/Imprenta: | Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v.190, p.43-125, 2007.
Idioma: | Inglês
Conteúdo: | I. Introduction. II. Problem formulation. A.Stressor characterization. B. Framewor for risk assessment. III. Exposure characterization. IV. Effects characterization. A. Glyphosate. B.Glyphosate and formulants. C. Effects in the field. V. Risk assessment. A. Human health. B. Environment. VI. Conclusions. A. Human health relevance. B. Ecological relevance. C. Strenghts and uncertainties in the assessment. D. Recommendations. Abstract: It is estimated that some 200 million people worldwide use illicit drugs. Most of these drugs have natural origins, such as cannabis, cocaine, and the opiates; however, the synthetic drugs such as the amphetamines also comprise a signifi cant proportion of these uses (UNODC 2003). In response to the socioeconomic impacts of the production and distribution of illicit drugs, a number of individual nations, as well as multinational organizations, have initiated programs to reduce and eventually eliminate their production and distribution (UNODC 2003). Coca (Erythroxylum coca and related species) is commonly associated with the tropical regions of South America. A number of species of coca are found in South America, and various varieties grow in the wild or are cultivated in different climatic conditions. It is primarily found in regions with temperatures above 25°C and with rainfall >1000 mm/yr. Currently, it is widely cultivated in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, with some cultivation in Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil, and Argentina. In 2002, it was estimated that, of the 800 t cocaine produced in Latin America, 580 t was produced in Colombia, a reduction of about 100 t from 1999 (UNODC 2003). It is estimated that, worldwide, about 14 million people abuse cocaine (UNODC 2003). Opium, morphine, and its derivative, heroin, are produced from the poppy Papaver somniferum, which is primarily grown in Asia. Global production of opium in 2002 was estimated to be 4,500 t, of which about 97 t was produced in South America; of this, 50 t was produced in Colombia (UNODC 2003). It is estimated that, globally, about 15 million people use opiates and that about 10 million of these use heroin (UNODC 2003). Similar to coca, the use of opium and morphine has historical roots in the traditional society of the producer regions but became more widely used as a human medicine when introduced to other parts of the world. Although morphine is still used for medicinal purposes, heroin use is largely illegal and its production and distribution have signifi cant socioeconomic impacts in producer and consumer nations.
Palavras-Chave: | Glifosato.
Thesagro: | Impacto Ambiental.
Categoria do assunto: | --
Registro original: | Embrapa Meio Ambiente (CNPMA)
Exemplares: | CNPMA - (7150-1) - UPC - AP - -- - Aq5 G2 - PAT 2007 - 2008.00052 - DIS