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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Suínos e Aves. |
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Data corrente: |
02/10/1997 |
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Data da última atualização: |
11/07/2007 |
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Autoria: |
FONTES, R. M. O. |
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Título: |
The roles of product differentiation and market rigidities in an empirical analysis of United State agricultural exports. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1988 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Raleigh: University at Raleigh, 1988. |
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Páginas: |
177p. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Tese Doutorado |
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Conteúdo: |
The elasticity of substitution and market share models are analyzed and applied to examine the issues of product differentiation and market rigidities in the U.S. exports of wheat, corn and soybeans. The hypothesis of inverse relationship between relative quantities exported by the United States and competing countries and their corresponding relative export prices is confirmed in the two models, for different commodities and under different specifications. Lagged quantity effects are also confirmed in the two models, for different commodities and under different specifications, indicating that some market rigidities exist in international markets. Estimation of the elasticity of substitution model using OLS, 2SLS, SUR and 3SLS procedures suggests that the importing countries with greatest price responsiveness are the Soviet Union and Egypt in the wheat market and Egypt, Taiwan and Mexico in the corn market. Price responsiveness also varies across exporting countries and the different estimation procedures suggest that higher competition prevails among the U.S./ROW and U.S./Argentina exports in the wheat and corn markets. Average estimates of the elasticities of substitution are calculated from all importing countries and values of -4.62 and -5.93 were obtained for wheat and corn, respectively. This result suggests that it is not unrealistic to assume an elasticity of substitution of -3.0 in applications of Armington model to analyze wheat trade flows. |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Aspecto economico; Economical aspects; Market. |
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Thesagro: |
Exportação; Mercado. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
exports. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 02064nam a2200205 a 4500
001 1432988
005 2007-07-11
008 1988 bl uuuu m 00u1 u #d
100 1 $aFONTES, R. M. O.
245 $aThe roles of product differentiation and market rigidities in an empirical analysis of United State agricultural exports.
260 $aRaleigh: University at Raleigh$c1988
300 $a177p.
500 $aTese Doutorado
520 $aThe elasticity of substitution and market share models are analyzed and applied to examine the issues of product differentiation and market rigidities in the U.S. exports of wheat, corn and soybeans. The hypothesis of inverse relationship between relative quantities exported by the United States and competing countries and their corresponding relative export prices is confirmed in the two models, for different commodities and under different specifications. Lagged quantity effects are also confirmed in the two models, for different commodities and under different specifications, indicating that some market rigidities exist in international markets. Estimation of the elasticity of substitution model using OLS, 2SLS, SUR and 3SLS procedures suggests that the importing countries with greatest price responsiveness are the Soviet Union and Egypt in the wheat market and Egypt, Taiwan and Mexico in the corn market. Price responsiveness also varies across exporting countries and the different estimation procedures suggest that higher competition prevails among the U.S./ROW and U.S./Argentina exports in the wheat and corn markets. Average estimates of the elasticities of substitution are calculated from all importing countries and values of -4.62 and -5.93 were obtained for wheat and corn, respectively. This result suggests that it is not unrealistic to assume an elasticity of substitution of -3.0 in applications of Armington model to analyze wheat trade flows.
650 $aexports
650 $aExportação
650 $aMercado
653 $aAspecto economico
653 $aEconomical aspects
653 $aMarket
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Meio Ambiente. |
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Data corrente: |
13/04/2015 |
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Data da última atualização: |
13/04/2015 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
A - 1 |
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Autoria: |
SOARES, J. R; CANTARELLA, H.; VARGAS, V. P; CARMO, J. B. do; MARTINS, A. A; SOUSA, R. de M.; ANDRADE, C. A. de. |
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Afiliação: |
JOHNNY RODRIGUES SOARES, IAC; HEITOR CANTARELLA, IAC; VITOR PAULO VARGAS, IAC; JANAINA BRAGA DO CARMO, IAC; ACACIO AGOSTINHO MARTINS, IAC; RAFAEL DE MELO SOUSA, IAC; CRISTIANO ALBERTO DE ANDRADE, CNPMA. |
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Título: |
Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers in nitrous oxide emissions from urea applied to sugarcane. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2015 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Journal of Environmental Quality, Madison, v. 44. n. 2, p. 423-430, 2015. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Abstract: The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (N2O) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to reduce N2O emissions from urea, applied at a rate of 120 kg ha?1 of N. Two field experiments in ratoon cycle sugarcane were performed in Brazil. The treatments were (i) no N (control), (ii) urea, (iii) urea+DCD, (iv) urea+DMPP, and (v) CRF. Measurements of N2O fluxes were performed using static chambers with four replications. The measurements were conducted three times per week during the first 3 mo and biweekly afterward for a total of 217 and 382 d in the first and second seasons, respectively. The cumulative N2O?N emissions in the first ratoon cycle were 1098 g ha?1 in the control treatment and 1924 g ha?1 with urea (0.7% of the total N applied). Addition of NIs to urea reduced N2O emissions by more than 90%, which did not differ from those of the plots without N. The CRF treatment showed N2O emissions no different from those of urea. The results were similar in the second ratoon: the treatment with urea showed N2O emissions of 0.75% of N applied N. Application of NIs resulted in a strong reduction in N2O emissions, but CRF increased emissions compared with urea. We therefore conclude that both NIs can be options for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission in sugarcane used for bioenergy. MenosAbstract: The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (N2O) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to reduce N2O emissions from urea, applied at a rate of 120 kg ha?1 of N. Two field experiments in ratoon cycle sugarcane were performed in Brazil. The treatments were (i) no N (control), (ii) urea, (iii) urea+DCD, (iv) urea+DMPP, and (v) CRF. Measurements of N2O fluxes were performed using static chambers with four replications. The measurements were conducted three times per week during the first 3 mo and biweekly afterward for a total of 217 and 382 d in the first and second seasons, respectively. The cumulative N2O?N emissions in the first ratoon cycle were 1098 g ha?1 in the control treatment and 1924 g ha?1 with urea (0.7% of the total N applied). Addition of NIs to urea reduced N2O emissions by more than 90%, which did not differ from those of the plots without N. The CRF treatment showed N2O emissions no different from those of urea. The results were similar in the second ratoon: the treatment with urea showed N2O emissions of 0.75% of N applied N. Application of NIs resulted in a strong reduction in N2O emissions, but CRF increased emissions comp... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Óxido nítrico. |
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Thesagro: |
Cana de açúcar; Fertilizante; Impacto ambiental; Ureia. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Environmental impact; Greenhouse effect; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrous oxide; Sugarcane; Urea. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/122245/1/2014AP65.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02572naa a2200325 a 4500
001 2013414
005 2015-04-13
008 2015 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aSOARES, J. R
245 $aEnhanced-efficiency fertilizers in nitrous oxide emissions from urea applied to sugarcane.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2015
520 $aAbstract: The environmental benefits of producing biofuels from sugarcane have been questioned due to greenhouse gas emissions during the biomass production stage, especially nitrous oxide (N2O) associated with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) to reduce N2O emissions from urea, applied at a rate of 120 kg ha?1 of N. Two field experiments in ratoon cycle sugarcane were performed in Brazil. The treatments were (i) no N (control), (ii) urea, (iii) urea+DCD, (iv) urea+DMPP, and (v) CRF. Measurements of N2O fluxes were performed using static chambers with four replications. The measurements were conducted three times per week during the first 3 mo and biweekly afterward for a total of 217 and 382 d in the first and second seasons, respectively. The cumulative N2O?N emissions in the first ratoon cycle were 1098 g ha?1 in the control treatment and 1924 g ha?1 with urea (0.7% of the total N applied). Addition of NIs to urea reduced N2O emissions by more than 90%, which did not differ from those of the plots without N. The CRF treatment showed N2O emissions no different from those of urea. The results were similar in the second ratoon: the treatment with urea showed N2O emissions of 0.75% of N applied N. Application of NIs resulted in a strong reduction in N2O emissions, but CRF increased emissions compared with urea. We therefore conclude that both NIs can be options for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission in sugarcane used for bioenergy.
650 $aEnvironmental impact
650 $aGreenhouse effect
650 $aNitrogen fertilizers
650 $aNitrous oxide
650 $aSugarcane
650 $aUrea
650 $aCana de açúcar
650 $aFertilizante
650 $aImpacto ambiental
650 $aUreia
653 $aÓxido nítrico
700 1 $aCANTARELLA, H.
700 1 $aVARGAS, V. P
700 1 $aCARMO, J. B. do
700 1 $aMARTINS, A. A
700 1 $aSOUSA, R. de M.
700 1 $aANDRADE, C. A. de
773 $tJournal of Environmental Quality, Madison$gv. 44. n. 2, p. 423-430, 2015.
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