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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Soja. |
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Data corrente: |
11/04/2000 |
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Data da última atualização: |
15/10/2004 |
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Autoria: |
YORINORI, J. T. |
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Título: |
Management of economically important diseases in Brazil. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1999 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 6., 1999, Chicago. Proceedings: invited and contributed papers and posters. Chicago: University of Illinois / Soybean Research & Development Council, 1999. |
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Páginas: |
p.290. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
In 1998, soybean diseases were reponsible for losses amounting to US$ 1.6 billion. For disease mangement resistance is emphasized but, in general, an integrated approach is recommended. Assessment of losses and reaction of varieties to disease were done along the years through field surveys and artificial inoculations in the field and greenhouse. The first epidemic of soybean disease in Brazil (1970/71) was caused by frogeye leaf spot (FLS) (Cercospora sojina) in the state of Parana. With the expansion of the crop to North-Central region, with seeds mostly produced in the South, FLS rapidly disseminated to all soybean areas. In 1987/88, about 60% of the soybeans in the Savannah region was grown to two highly susceptible varieties (Doko and EMGOPA 301) and an outbreak of FLS resulted in losses of US$11 million. The two varieties were replaced by the resistant 'Cristalina', which, from 1990 to 1996 occupied more than 70% of the soybean acreage (6 milion ha) in Central region, creating a high risk situation. In 1988/89 season, an epidemic of stem canker (SC) (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis) started in the south of Parana state and rapidly spread throughout the country. By 1996 losses due to SC had amounted to US$500 millions, due to predominating susceptible varieties such as 'Cristalina'. The solution to the stem canker problem was delayed because farmers did not believe in the seriousness of the disease and started growing resistance varieties only after suffering severe losses. Currently FLS and SC are under control by resistance and no susceptible varieties are released. In both cases, effective control was achieved by a joint effort between breeders and pathologists in selecting. Breeding and testing more than 70.000 lines a year, and an intensive extension work. Other important diseases for which resistance is emphasized are: target spot (leaf spot and root rot) (TS) (Corynespora cassiicola), powdery mildew (PM) (Microsphaera diffusa), brown spot (BS) (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf blicht (CK) (C. Kikuchii), sudden death syndrome (SDS) (Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines), cyst (SCN) and root knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica). For TS and PM, resistant varieties and fungicide sprays are used. The root caused by C. cassiicola is most severe under no-tillage and no control measures are yet defined. For BS, tolerant varieties [ex. Dourados, EMBRAPA 63 (Mirador) and EMGOPA315] are available but chemical control is most used. For Ck, fungicide spray is recommended. For SDS, some varieties [ex. EMGOPA 316, MG/BR-46 (Conquista) and MT/BR-47 (Canario)] have shown field tolerance but no reliable sources of resistance nor cultural practices are available. Because of its wide distribution and difficulty to control, SDS is regarded as the most important and challenging disease of soybeans to date. Another disease of dramatic impact on soybean yield is the charcoal rot (CR) (Macrophomina phaseolina). Management for CR involves crop rotation, soil management and minimum or no-tillage with cover crop. SCN has showm great adaptability and genetic variability (12 races: 1-4, 4+, 5,6,9,10,14 and 14+) in Brazil. From 1992 to 1998, SCN expanded from 10,000 ha to nearly 1.7 million ha. Control has been possible by crop rotation (corn, cotton and rice), soil management, and no-tillage with fall-spring cover crop (pearl millet). Three resistant (R) to moderately resistant (MR) varieties were recently released: MT/BRS 63 (Pintado) (R to races 1 and 3, and MR to races 5 and 14), and varieties MG/BRS 54 (Renascenca) and MG/BRS 66 (Lideranca), both tolerant to race 3. For RKN, emphasis is given on crop rotation, based on nematode species identification, variety resistance, soil management and no-tillage with cover crop. For M. incognita (races 1-4), rotation is limited to rice, since most corn hybrids and cotton are hosts. For M. javanica, cotton is recommended as an alternate crop in the North-Central region. As part of the disease management, fungicide seed treatment plays an important role in the control of seed-borne fungal pathogens, and for ensuring germination and adequate stand. About 80% of all soybean seed used for the 1998/99 crop season was treated in Brazil. MenosIn 1998, soybean diseases were reponsible for losses amounting to US$ 1.6 billion. For disease mangement resistance is emphasized but, in general, an integrated approach is recommended. Assessment of losses and reaction of varieties to disease were done along the years through field surveys and artificial inoculations in the field and greenhouse. The first epidemic of soybean disease in Brazil (1970/71) was caused by frogeye leaf spot (FLS) (Cercospora sojina) in the state of Parana. With the expansion of the crop to North-Central region, with seeds mostly produced in the South, FLS rapidly disseminated to all soybean areas. In 1987/88, about 60% of the soybeans in the Savannah region was grown to two highly susceptible varieties (Doko and EMGOPA 301) and an outbreak of FLS resulted in losses of US$11 million. The two varieties were replaced by the resistant 'Cristalina', which, from 1990 to 1996 occupied more than 70% of the soybean acreage (6 milion ha) in Central region, creating a high risk situation. In 1988/89 season, an epidemic of stem canker (SC) (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis) started in the south of Parana state and rapidly spread throughout the country. By 1996 losses due to SC had amounted to US$500 millions, due to predominating susceptible varieties such as 'Cristalina'. The solution to the stem canker problem was delayed because farmers did not believe in the seriousness of the disease and started growing resistance varieties only after suffering s... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Brasil; Disease; Soybean. |
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Thesagro: |
Doença; Soja. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Brazil. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 04901naa a2200205 a 4500
001 1461653
005 2004-10-15
008 1999 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aYORINORI, J. T.
245 $aManagement of economically important diseases in Brazil.
260 $c1999
300 $ap.290.
520 $aIn 1998, soybean diseases were reponsible for losses amounting to US$ 1.6 billion. For disease mangement resistance is emphasized but, in general, an integrated approach is recommended. Assessment of losses and reaction of varieties to disease were done along the years through field surveys and artificial inoculations in the field and greenhouse. The first epidemic of soybean disease in Brazil (1970/71) was caused by frogeye leaf spot (FLS) (Cercospora sojina) in the state of Parana. With the expansion of the crop to North-Central region, with seeds mostly produced in the South, FLS rapidly disseminated to all soybean areas. In 1987/88, about 60% of the soybeans in the Savannah region was grown to two highly susceptible varieties (Doko and EMGOPA 301) and an outbreak of FLS resulted in losses of US$11 million. The two varieties were replaced by the resistant 'Cristalina', which, from 1990 to 1996 occupied more than 70% of the soybean acreage (6 milion ha) in Central region, creating a high risk situation. In 1988/89 season, an epidemic of stem canker (SC) (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis) started in the south of Parana state and rapidly spread throughout the country. By 1996 losses due to SC had amounted to US$500 millions, due to predominating susceptible varieties such as 'Cristalina'. The solution to the stem canker problem was delayed because farmers did not believe in the seriousness of the disease and started growing resistance varieties only after suffering severe losses. Currently FLS and SC are under control by resistance and no susceptible varieties are released. In both cases, effective control was achieved by a joint effort between breeders and pathologists in selecting. Breeding and testing more than 70.000 lines a year, and an intensive extension work. Other important diseases for which resistance is emphasized are: target spot (leaf spot and root rot) (TS) (Corynespora cassiicola), powdery mildew (PM) (Microsphaera diffusa), brown spot (BS) (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf blicht (CK) (C. Kikuchii), sudden death syndrome (SDS) (Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines), cyst (SCN) and root knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica). For TS and PM, resistant varieties and fungicide sprays are used. The root caused by C. cassiicola is most severe under no-tillage and no control measures are yet defined. For BS, tolerant varieties [ex. Dourados, EMBRAPA 63 (Mirador) and EMGOPA315] are available but chemical control is most used. For Ck, fungicide spray is recommended. For SDS, some varieties [ex. EMGOPA 316, MG/BR-46 (Conquista) and MT/BR-47 (Canario)] have shown field tolerance but no reliable sources of resistance nor cultural practices are available. Because of its wide distribution and difficulty to control, SDS is regarded as the most important and challenging disease of soybeans to date. Another disease of dramatic impact on soybean yield is the charcoal rot (CR) (Macrophomina phaseolina). Management for CR involves crop rotation, soil management and minimum or no-tillage with cover crop. SCN has showm great adaptability and genetic variability (12 races: 1-4, 4+, 5,6,9,10,14 and 14+) in Brazil. From 1992 to 1998, SCN expanded from 10,000 ha to nearly 1.7 million ha. Control has been possible by crop rotation (corn, cotton and rice), soil management, and no-tillage with fall-spring cover crop (pearl millet). Three resistant (R) to moderately resistant (MR) varieties were recently released: MT/BRS 63 (Pintado) (R to races 1 and 3, and MR to races 5 and 14), and varieties MG/BRS 54 (Renascenca) and MG/BRS 66 (Lideranca), both tolerant to race 3. For RKN, emphasis is given on crop rotation, based on nematode species identification, variety resistance, soil management and no-tillage with cover crop. For M. incognita (races 1-4), rotation is limited to rice, since most corn hybrids and cotton are hosts. For M. javanica, cotton is recommended as an alternate crop in the North-Central region. As part of the disease management, fungicide seed treatment plays an important role in the control of seed-borne fungal pathogens, and for ensuring germination and adequate stand. About 80% of all soybean seed used for the 1998/99 crop season was treated in Brazil.
650 $aBrazil
650 $aDoença
650 $aSoja
653 $aBrasil
653 $aDisease
653 $aSoybean
773 $tIn: WORLD SOYBEAN RESEARCH CONFERENCE, 6., 1999, Chicago. Proceedings: invited and contributed papers and posters. Chicago: University of Illinois / Soybean Research & Development Council, 1999.
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