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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Agrobiologia. |
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Data corrente: |
27/06/1995 |
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Data da última atualização: |
27/06/1995 |
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Autoria: |
PIMENTEL, D. |
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Título: |
Ethanol fuels: energy security, economics, and the environment. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1991 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, v.4, n.1, p.1-13, 1991. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Problems of fuel ethanol production have been the subject of numerous reports, including this analysis. The conclusions are that etahnol: does not improve U.S. energy security; is uneconomical; is not a renewable energy source; and increases environmental degradation. Ethanol production is wasteful of energy resources and does not increase energy security. Considerably more energy, much os it high-grade fossil fuels, is required to produce ethanol than is available in the energy output. About 72% more energy is used to 'produce a gallon of ethanol than the energy in a gallon of ethanol. Ethanol production from corn is not renewable energy. Its production uses more non-renewable fossil energy resources in growing the corn and in the fermentation/distillation process than is produced as ethanol energy. Ethanol produced from corn and other food crops is also an unreliable and therefore a non-secure source of energy, because of the likelihood of uncontrollable climatic fluctuations, particularly droughts which reduce cropy yields. The expected priority for corn and other food crops would be for food and feed. Increasing ethanol production would increase degradation of agricultural land and water and pollute the environment. In U.S. corn production, soil erodes some 18-times faster than soil is reformed, and, where irrigated, corn production mines water faster than recharge of aquifers. Increasing the cost of food and diverting human food resources to the costly and inefficient production of ethanol fueld raise major ethical questions. These occur at a time when more food is needed to meet the basic needs of a rapidly growing world population.\t\t MenosProblems of fuel ethanol production have been the subject of numerous reports, including this analysis. The conclusions are that etahnol: does not improve U.S. energy security; is uneconomical; is not a renewable energy source; and increases environmental degradation. Ethanol production is wasteful of energy resources and does not increase energy security. Considerably more energy, much os it high-grade fossil fuels, is required to produce ethanol than is available in the energy output. About 72% more energy is used to 'produce a gallon of ethanol than the energy in a gallon of ethanol. Ethanol production from corn is not renewable energy. Its production uses more non-renewable fossil energy resources in growing the corn and in the fermentation/distillation process than is produced as ethanol energy. Ethanol produced from corn and other food crops is also an unreliable and therefore a non-secure source of energy, because of the likelihood of uncontrollable climatic fluctuations, particularly droughts which reduce cropy yields. The expected priority for corn and other food crops would be for food and feed. Increasing ethanol production would increase degradation of agricultural land and water and pollute the environment. In U.S. corn production, soil erodes some 18-times faster than soil is reformed, and, where irrigated, corn production mines water faster than recharge of aquifers. Increasing the cost of food and diverting human food resources to the costly and inefficient p... Mostrar Tudo |
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Thesagro: |
Alimento; Energia; Etanol; Meio Ambiente; Poluição. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
energy; environment; ethanol; foods; pollution. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
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Marc: |
LEADER 02281naa a2200241 a 4500
001 1618242
005 1995-06-27
008 1991 bl --- 0-- u #d
100 1 $aPIMENTEL, D.
245 $aEthanol fuels$benergy security, economics, and the environment.
260 $c1991
520 $aProblems of fuel ethanol production have been the subject of numerous reports, including this analysis. The conclusions are that etahnol: does not improve U.S. energy security; is uneconomical; is not a renewable energy source; and increases environmental degradation. Ethanol production is wasteful of energy resources and does not increase energy security. Considerably more energy, much os it high-grade fossil fuels, is required to produce ethanol than is available in the energy output. About 72% more energy is used to 'produce a gallon of ethanol than the energy in a gallon of ethanol. Ethanol production from corn is not renewable energy. Its production uses more non-renewable fossil energy resources in growing the corn and in the fermentation/distillation process than is produced as ethanol energy. Ethanol produced from corn and other food crops is also an unreliable and therefore a non-secure source of energy, because of the likelihood of uncontrollable climatic fluctuations, particularly droughts which reduce cropy yields. The expected priority for corn and other food crops would be for food and feed. Increasing ethanol production would increase degradation of agricultural land and water and pollute the environment. In U.S. corn production, soil erodes some 18-times faster than soil is reformed, and, where irrigated, corn production mines water faster than recharge of aquifers. Increasing the cost of food and diverting human food resources to the costly and inefficient production of ethanol fueld raise major ethical questions. These occur at a time when more food is needed to meet the basic needs of a rapidly growing world population.\t\t
650 $aenergy
650 $aenvironment
650 $aethanol
650 $afoods
650 $apollution
650 $aAlimento
650 $aEnergia
650 $aEtanol
650 $aMeio Ambiente
650 $aPoluição
773 $tJournal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics$gv.4, n.1, p.1-13, 1991.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Agrobiologia (CNPAB) |
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