Data/hora: 11/06/2024 05:42:57

Biblioteca(s): | Embrapa Meio Ambiente.
Data corrente: | 22/11/2007
Data da última atualização: | 07/12/2007
Autoria: | EHLER, L. E.; SFORZA, R.; MATEILLE, T. (ed.).
Título: | Genetics, evolution and biological control.
Ano de publicação: | 2004
Fonte/Imprenta: | Wallingford: CABI, 2004.
Páginas: | 260p.
ISBN: | 085199735X
Idioma: | Inglês

Notas:

Edição de Proceedings of International Organization for Biological Control Symposium, realizado em Montpellier, France, 2002.
Inclui bibliografia e índice de assuntos.

Conteúdo:

Contents
Contributors
Preface
1	Genetic Structure of Natural Plant and Pathogen Populations	
J. J. Burdon and P. H. Thrall
Introduction
Natural variation in host-pathogen associations	
Disease resistance in plant populations in their native range
Variation in space--host-pathogen interactions as metapopulation			
	 	associations
Host and pathogen variation in new environments
	What is the resistance structure of invasive host populations?
	How important is continuing natural selection for the maintenance of		
		 resistance in introduced populations?
	How rapidly will resistance respond to the re-application of pathogen		
		 selective pressures?
Improving biological control strategies
	How do host and pathogen life history features and the environment 		
		interact to determine the genetic basis of resistance?
	What are the selective consequences of rapid versus slower declines in		
		 population size?
Conclusions
References
2	Measuring Genetic Variation in Natural Enemies Used for Biological		
	 Control: Why and How?
 	E. Wajnberg
	Introduction
	Why measure intra-population genetic variation in natural enemies?
	Methods for measuring intra-population genetic variation
		Parent-offspring regression
		Sib analysis
		Family analysis
		Breeding selection
	Intra-population genetic variation in insect parasitoids
	What characters should be studied?
	Conclusion
	References
3	Molecular Systematics, Chalcidoidea and Biological Control
	J. Heraty
	Introduction
		Genes of interest
	Genetic divergence
		Identification
	Phylogenetics and their applications
		Relationships of Chalcidoidea
		Relationships within Chalcidoidea
	Eucharitidae--competing morphological and molecular trees
	Encarsia--unchallenged trees and the interpretation of change
	Phylogeography and invasive agents
	Cospeciation
	Conclusion
	References
4	Genetic Markers in Rust Fungi and Their Application to Weed Biocontrol
	K. J. Evans and D. R. Gomez
	Introduction
	Rust fungi as biocontrol agents of weeds
	Genetic markers in rust fungi
		Pathotyping
		Selecting molecular markers for population-genetic studies
		Relative utility of some common DNA markers
		Emerging technologies
	Application of molecular markers in weed biocontrol
		Investigating relationships between weed diversity and pathogen variation
		The skeleton rust story
		The blackberry rust story
		Identifying the released pathogen with certainty
		The musk thistle rust story
Identifying and monitoring the fate of the released pathogen strain with 
	certainty
		Population genetics of rust fungi in relation to strain selection
		Locating centres of diversity and evolutionary new associations
	Conclusions
	References
5	Tracing the Origin of Pests and Natural Enemies: Genetic and Statistical 
Approaches
	G. K. Roderick
	Introduction
	Problems and approaches
		Patterns of spread
		Invasion genetics
		Types of genetic markers
		Genealogies
		Analysis of frequencies
		Bioinformatics
		Other methods
	Discussion
	Conclusions
	References
6	Tracing the Origin of Cryptic Insect Pests and Vectors, and Their Natural 
Enemies
	J. K. Brown
Introduction
Application of phylogeographical analysis of insect pests and vectors, and
natural enemies 
Genetic markers 
Studies in which molecular markers have been employed for taxonomic		
	 	
identification and tracking of cryptic Hemipterans
Invasion of the B biotype B. tabaci in the Americas and evidence for a
species complex
 
Phylogeographical matching between B. tabaci mitochondria COI
haplotypes and natural enemies from the same geographical origin
First demonstration that an invasive  B. tabaci is associated with the 
spread of severe cassava mosaic disease in east Africa 
	Upsurge of Myndus crudus, the vector of the phytoplasma inducing lethal	
		 yellowing disease of palm and rapid disease spread following 	
		Hurricane Mitch 
Divergence of aphids on non-cultivated hosts: determining haplotypes and 
		plant hosts using a mitochondria marker
 Tracking Mediterranean fruit fly introductions in California using
 
composite genotypes 
Conclusions
References
7	Predicting Evolutionary Change in Invasive, Exotic Plants and its		
	 Consequences for Plant-Herbivore Interactions
	H. Müller-Schärer and T. Steinger
	Introduction
		Framework and scope of our study
	Selection pressure in invaded habitats and expected selection on plant traits
		Properties of invaded habitats
		General traits associated with plant invaders
		Traits related to competitors and antagonists
		Caveats
	Genetic variation in invasive plants
		Reduced genetic variation in invasive plants?
		Caveat: Low correlation between molecular and quantitative genetic 	
			variation
		Increased genetic variance through hybridization
	Observed evolutionary response
	Outlook
		Emerging research topics
	References
8	Experimental Evolution in Host-parasitoid Interactions
	A. R. Kraaijeveld
	Introduction
	Field "experiments"
	Experimental evolution in host-parasitoid systems
		House flies
		Drosophila
	Discussion
		Lack of genetic variation for resistance
		Resistance is costly
		Genotype x genotype interactions
		Parasitoids can evolve
		Selection pressures fluctuate in space and time
	Concluding thoughts
	References
9	Interactions Between Natural Enemies and Transgenic Insecticidal Crops
	J. J. Obrycki, J. R. Ruberson and J. E. Losey 
	Introduction
	Bacillus thuringiensis versus predators and parasites
		Insect predators
		Parasitoids
	Field surveys of natural enemies in transgenic insecticidal fields
		Predatory arthropods
		Parasitoids
		Insect pathogens
	Risks and benefits of transgenic insecticidal crops for natural enemies
	Conclusions
	References
10	The GMO Guidelines Project: Development of International Scientific 
Environmental Biosafety Testing Guidelines for Transgenic Plants
	A. Hilbeck
	Introduction
	Needs assessment
	Plant characterization
	Non-target and biodiversity effects
	Gene flow and its consequences
	Resistance management
	Conclusion
	References
11	Genetic Manipulation of Natural Enemies: Can We Improve Biological 
Control by Manipulating the Parasitoid and/or the Plant?
	G. M. Poppy and W. Powell
	Introduction
	Genetic manipulation
	Genetic manipulation of parasitoids
	Parasitoid manipulation via the plant
	Conclusions
	References
12	Sex-ratio Distorters and Other Selfish Genetic Elements: Implications for 
Biological Control
	R. Stouthamer
 	Introduction
	Overview of sex-ratio distorters and their potential application
		Female-biasing sex-ratio distorters
		Male-biasing sex-ratio distorters
		Application of PSR factors in biocontrol
	Other heritable bacteria of importance to biological control
		Cytoplasmic imcompatiblity inducing Wolbachia
	Detection of sex-ratio distorters and CI-Wolbachia  in natural enemies
	Discussion
	References
Index

Palavras-Chave: | Evolução.
Thesagro: | Controle Biológico; Genética; Inimigo Natural; Marcador Genético; Patógeno; Planta Transgênica; Praga de Planta.
Categoria do assunto: | --
Registro original: | Embrapa Meio Ambiente (CNPMA)
Exemplares: | CNPMA - (7049-1) - ADC - LV - -- - 632.96 - E33g - 2007.00122 - DIS