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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Solos. |
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Data corrente: |
14/10/2011 |
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Data da última atualização: |
03/11/2021 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Autoria: |
FRASER, J.; TEIXEIRA, W. G.; FALCÃO, N.; WOODS, W.; LEHMANN, J.; JUNQUEIRA, A. B. |
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Afiliação: |
James Fraser, University Sussex; WENCESLAU GERALDES TEIXEIRA, CNPS; Newton Falcão, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; William Woods, University of Kansas; Johannes Lehmann, Cornell University; André Braga Junqueira, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. |
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Título: |
Anthropogenic soils in the Central Amazon: from categories to a continuum. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2011 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Area, v. 43, n. 3, p. 264-273, May 2011. |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.00999.x |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE), one of the best-known examples of anthropogenic (man-made) soils, are the result of Amerindian settlements in the pre-Columbian period. ADE are highly variable in terms of their size, shape, depth and physical and chemical make-up. Scholars tend to divide ADE into two categories: terra preta and terra mulata. The former are dark and highly fertile soils replete with ceramic shards, indicating former areas of habitation, while the latter are lighter in colour, less fertile, lacking pottery and thought to be old agricultural fields. While a scientific consensus on the origins of terra preta has existed for several decades, the origins of terra mulata remain enigmatic and contested. We argue that owing to the overlapping and constantly changing boundaries of agricultural and habitational areas, it is unlikely that there exist two clear soil fertility classes. This article examines the hypothesis that rather than two distinct anthrosol categories, ADE sites should exhibit a highly fertile 'core area', which grades into more subtly modified soils, with a continuum of fertility between them. Using principal components analysis (PCA) and interpolations based on the geographic distribution of the soil samples, we show that ADE along the Middle Madeira, Brazilian Amazon are extremely diverse, but data support more of a gradient between areas of greater and lesser fertility rather than two distinct categories. We also assess local people's perceptions and classifications of anthropogenic and surrounding soils using ethnographic data. Rather than discarding the terra preta-terra mulata opposition however, we suggest abandoning only the idea that they are separate categories, and instead emphasise a continuum, the darker, bluff edge 'central' regions with abundant ceramics are consonant with published descriptions of terra preta, which grade into surrounding areas with lighter, less fertile soils that better fit terra mulata descriptions. MenosAmazonian Dark Earths (ADE), one of the best-known examples of anthropogenic (man-made) soils, are the result of Amerindian settlements in the pre-Columbian period. ADE are highly variable in terms of their size, shape, depth and physical and chemical make-up. Scholars tend to divide ADE into two categories: terra preta and terra mulata. The former are dark and highly fertile soils replete with ceramic shards, indicating former areas of habitation, while the latter are lighter in colour, less fertile, lacking pottery and thought to be old agricultural fields. While a scientific consensus on the origins of terra preta has existed for several decades, the origins of terra mulata remain enigmatic and contested. We argue that owing to the overlapping and constantly changing boundaries of agricultural and habitational areas, it is unlikely that there exist two clear soil fertility classes. This article examines the hypothesis that rather than two distinct anthrosol categories, ADE sites should exhibit a highly fertile 'core area', which grades into more subtly modified soils, with a continuum of fertility between them. Using principal components analysis (PCA) and interpolations based on the geographic distribution of the soil samples, we show that ADE along the Middle Madeira, Brazilian Amazon are extremely diverse, but data support more of a gradient between areas of greater and lesser fertility rather than two distinct categories. We also assess local people's perceptions and ... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Amazonian Dark Earths; Interpolação; Terra mulata. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
terra preta. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
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Marc: |
LEADER 02690naa a2200241 a 4500
001 1903130
005 2021-11-03
008 2011 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.00999.x$2DOI
100 1 $aFRASER, J.
245 $aAnthropogenic soils in the Central Amazon$bfrom categories to a continuum.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2011
520 $aAmazonian Dark Earths (ADE), one of the best-known examples of anthropogenic (man-made) soils, are the result of Amerindian settlements in the pre-Columbian period. ADE are highly variable in terms of their size, shape, depth and physical and chemical make-up. Scholars tend to divide ADE into two categories: terra preta and terra mulata. The former are dark and highly fertile soils replete with ceramic shards, indicating former areas of habitation, while the latter are lighter in colour, less fertile, lacking pottery and thought to be old agricultural fields. While a scientific consensus on the origins of terra preta has existed for several decades, the origins of terra mulata remain enigmatic and contested. We argue that owing to the overlapping and constantly changing boundaries of agricultural and habitational areas, it is unlikely that there exist two clear soil fertility classes. This article examines the hypothesis that rather than two distinct anthrosol categories, ADE sites should exhibit a highly fertile 'core area', which grades into more subtly modified soils, with a continuum of fertility between them. Using principal components analysis (PCA) and interpolations based on the geographic distribution of the soil samples, we show that ADE along the Middle Madeira, Brazilian Amazon are extremely diverse, but data support more of a gradient between areas of greater and lesser fertility rather than two distinct categories. We also assess local people's perceptions and classifications of anthropogenic and surrounding soils using ethnographic data. Rather than discarding the terra preta-terra mulata opposition however, we suggest abandoning only the idea that they are separate categories, and instead emphasise a continuum, the darker, bluff edge 'central' regions with abundant ceramics are consonant with published descriptions of terra preta, which grade into surrounding areas with lighter, less fertile soils that better fit terra mulata descriptions.
650 $aterra preta
653 $aAmazonian Dark Earths
653 $aInterpolação
653 $aTerra mulata
700 1 $aTEIXEIRA, W. G.
700 1 $aFALCÃO, N.
700 1 $aWOODS, W.
700 1 $aLEHMANN, J.
700 1 $aJUNQUEIRA, A. B.
773 $tArea$gv. 43, n. 3, p. 264-273, May 2011.
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Embrapa Solos (CNPS) |
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| Registros recuperados : 96 | |
| 66. |  | LEHMANN, J.; SCHROTH, G.; TEIXEIRA, W.; WOLFGANG ZECH, W.; CRAVO, M. da S. Nutrient and water dynamics in a multi-strata agroforestry system. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO EM SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS, 2., 1998, Belém, PA. Sistemas agroflorestais no contexto da qualidade ambiental e competitividade: resumos expandidos. Belém, PA: Embrapa-CPATU, 1998. p. 38-41.| Tipo: Artigo em Anais de Congresso |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. |
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| 70. | | LEHMANN, J.; SILVA JUNIOR, J. P. da; STEINER, C.; NEHLS, T.; ZECH, W.; GLASER, B. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, v. 249, p. 343-357, 2003.| Tipo: Artigo em Periódico Indexado | Circulação/Nível: Internacional - A |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. |
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| 76. | | LEHMANN, J.; KERN, D.; GERMAN, L.; McCANN, J.; MARTINS, G. C.; MOREIRA, A. Soil fertility and production potential. In: LEHMANN, J.; KERN, D. C.; GLASER, B.; WOODS, W. I. (Ed.). Amazonian dark earths: origin, properties, management. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004. Cap. 6, p. 105-124.| Tipo: Capítulo em Livro Técnico-Científico |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. |
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| 77. | | SCHWENDENER, C. M.; LEHMANN, J.; RONDON, M.; WANDELLI, E.; FERNANDES, E. Soil mineral N dynamics beneath mixtures of leaves from legume and fruit trees in Central Amazonian multi-strata agroforests. Acta Amazônica, Manaus, v. 37, n. 3, p. 313-320, set. 2007.| Tipo: Artigo em Periódico Indexado | Circulação/Nível: Nacional - A |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. |
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| 79. | | ZECH, W.; SCHROTH, G.; CRAVO, M. D. S.; TEIXEIRA, W. G.; KAISER, K.; LEHMANN, J. Water and nutrient fluxes as indicators for the sustainability of different land-use systems on the terra firme near Manaus - a project overview. In: SHIFT-WORKSHOP, 3., 1998, Manaus. Proceedings... Hamburg: GKSS, 1998. p. 435-440. il.| Tipo: Artigo em Anais de Congresso |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. |
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| 80. | | ZECH, W.; SCHROTH, G.; CRAVO, M. da S.; TEIXEIRA, W. G.; KAISER, K.; LEHMANN, J. Water and nutrient fluxes as indicators for the sustainability of different land-use systems on the terra firme near Manaus - a project overview. In: SHIFT - WORKSHOP, 3., 1998, Manaus. Proceedings... Bonn: BMBF, 1998. p. 435-440.| Tipo: Artigo em Anais de Congresso |
| Biblioteca(s): Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. |
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| Registros recuperados : 96 | |
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| Nenhum registro encontrado para a expressão de busca informada. |
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