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 | Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Uva e Vinho. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cnpuv.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Uva e Vinho. |
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Data corrente: |
20/08/2009 |
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Data da última atualização: |
17/09/2019 |
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Autoria: |
BLANCO-CANQUI, H.; LAL, R. |
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Título: |
Crop residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2009 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Critical Review in Plant Science, Philadelphia, v. 28, n. 3, p. 139-163, 2009. |
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Volume: |
28 |
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Páginas: |
139-163 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Crop residues are a potential source of renewable feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production because of their high cellulose content and easy availability. Indiscriminate removal as biofuel may, however, have adverse impacts on soil, environment, and crop production. This article reviews available information on the impacts of crop residue removal on soil properties, crop yields, and soil erosion across a wide range of soils and ecosystems. It explicitly synthesizes data on the independent impacts of crop residue removal on soil and environment rather than on the interrelated tillage-crop-residue management impacts. Published literature shows that residue removal adversely impacts near-surface soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Unmulched soils are prone to particle detachment, surface sealing, crusting, and compaction. Residue removal reduces input of organic binding agents essential to formation and stability of aggregates. It also closes open-ended biochannels by raindrop impacts and reduces water infiltration, saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and air permeability, and thereby increases runoff/soil erosion and transport of non-point source pollutants (e.g., sediment and chemicals). Residue removal accelerates evaporation, increases diurnal fluctuations in soil temperature, and reduces input of organic matter needed to improve the soils' ability to retain water. It reduces macro- (e.g., K, P, N, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrient (e.g., Fe, Mn, B, Zn, and S) pools in the soil by removing nutrient-rich residue materials and by inducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM)-enriched sediments in runoff. Residue removal drastically reduces earthworm population and microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biomass. It adversely affects agronomic production by altering the dynamics of soil water and temperature regimes. The short-term (10 yr) data show nevertheless that residue removal may not always degrade soil physical properties and decrease crop yields in the short term depending on the soil type, topography, and fluctuations in annual weather conditions. Sloping and erosion-prone soils are more rapidly and adversely affected by residue removal than those on flat terrains with heavy texture and poorly drained conditions. Sloping terrains are not only highly susceptible to water and wind erosion but also to tillage erosion. In these soils, therefore, a fraction of the total crop residue produced may be available for biofuel production and other expanded uses. Standard guidelines on when, where, and how much residues to remove need to be, however, established. Modeling rates of residue removal are presently based on the needs of soil cover to control erosion without consideration to maintaining SOM and nutrient pools, enhancing soil physical, chemical, and biological quality, and sustaining crop production. Threshold levels of residue removal must be assessed for principal soil types based on the needs to maintain or enhance soil productivity and improve environmental quality. For those soils in which some residues are removed, best management practices (e.g., cover crops, diverse crop rotations, and manure application) must be adopted to minimize adverse impacts of residue removal. Because indiscriminate harvesting of crop residues for biofuel may deteriorate soil properties, reduce crop yields, and degrade the environment, there exists an urgent research need for developing alternative sustainable renewable energy feedstocks (e.g., warm season grasses and short-rotation woody crops). MenosCrop residues are a potential source of renewable feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production because of their high cellulose content and easy availability. Indiscriminate removal as biofuel may, however, have adverse impacts on soil, environment, and crop production. This article reviews available information on the impacts of crop residue removal on soil properties, crop yields, and soil erosion across a wide range of soils and ecosystems. It explicitly synthesizes data on the independent impacts of crop residue removal on soil and environment rather than on the interrelated tillage-crop-residue management impacts. Published literature shows that residue removal adversely impacts near-surface soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Unmulched soils are prone to particle detachment, surface sealing, crusting, and compaction. Residue removal reduces input of organic binding agents essential to formation and stability of aggregates. It also closes open-ended biochannels by raindrop impacts and reduces water infiltration, saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and air permeability, and thereby increases runoff/soil erosion and transport of non-point source pollutants (e.g., sediment and chemicals). Residue removal accelerates evaporation, increases diurnal fluctuations in soil temperature, and reduces input of organic matter needed to improve the soils' ability to retain water. It reduces macro- (e.g., K, P, N, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrient (e.g., Fe, Mn, B,... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Boas práticas; Energia dedicada; Impacto; Matéria orgância; Remoção. |
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Thesagro: |
Carbono; Erosão; Etanol; Nutrição; Perda; Planta; Resíduo; Solo. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 04383naa a2200313 a 4500
001 1544115
005 2019-09-17
008 2009 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aBLANCO-CANQUI, H.
245 $aCrop residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2009
300 $a139-163 28
490 $v28
520 $aCrop residues are a potential source of renewable feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production because of their high cellulose content and easy availability. Indiscriminate removal as biofuel may, however, have adverse impacts on soil, environment, and crop production. This article reviews available information on the impacts of crop residue removal on soil properties, crop yields, and soil erosion across a wide range of soils and ecosystems. It explicitly synthesizes data on the independent impacts of crop residue removal on soil and environment rather than on the interrelated tillage-crop-residue management impacts. Published literature shows that residue removal adversely impacts near-surface soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Unmulched soils are prone to particle detachment, surface sealing, crusting, and compaction. Residue removal reduces input of organic binding agents essential to formation and stability of aggregates. It also closes open-ended biochannels by raindrop impacts and reduces water infiltration, saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and air permeability, and thereby increases runoff/soil erosion and transport of non-point source pollutants (e.g., sediment and chemicals). Residue removal accelerates evaporation, increases diurnal fluctuations in soil temperature, and reduces input of organic matter needed to improve the soils' ability to retain water. It reduces macro- (e.g., K, P, N, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrient (e.g., Fe, Mn, B, Zn, and S) pools in the soil by removing nutrient-rich residue materials and by inducing losses of soil organic matter (SOM)-enriched sediments in runoff. Residue removal drastically reduces earthworm population and microbial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biomass. It adversely affects agronomic production by altering the dynamics of soil water and temperature regimes. The short-term (10 yr) data show nevertheless that residue removal may not always degrade soil physical properties and decrease crop yields in the short term depending on the soil type, topography, and fluctuations in annual weather conditions. Sloping and erosion-prone soils are more rapidly and adversely affected by residue removal than those on flat terrains with heavy texture and poorly drained conditions. Sloping terrains are not only highly susceptible to water and wind erosion but also to tillage erosion. In these soils, therefore, a fraction of the total crop residue produced may be available for biofuel production and other expanded uses. Standard guidelines on when, where, and how much residues to remove need to be, however, established. Modeling rates of residue removal are presently based on the needs of soil cover to control erosion without consideration to maintaining SOM and nutrient pools, enhancing soil physical, chemical, and biological quality, and sustaining crop production. Threshold levels of residue removal must be assessed for principal soil types based on the needs to maintain or enhance soil productivity and improve environmental quality. For those soils in which some residues are removed, best management practices (e.g., cover crops, diverse crop rotations, and manure application) must be adopted to minimize adverse impacts of residue removal. Because indiscriminate harvesting of crop residues for biofuel may deteriorate soil properties, reduce crop yields, and degrade the environment, there exists an urgent research need for developing alternative sustainable renewable energy feedstocks (e.g., warm season grasses and short-rotation woody crops).
650 $aCarbono
650 $aErosão
650 $aEtanol
650 $aNutrição
650 $aPerda
650 $aPlanta
650 $aResíduo
650 $aSolo
653 $aBoas práticas
653 $aEnergia dedicada
653 $aImpacto
653 $aMatéria orgância
653 $aRemoção
700 1 $aLAL, R.
773 $tCritical Review in Plant Science, Philadelphia$gv. 28, n. 3, p. 139-163, 2009.
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Embrapa Uva e Vinho (CNPUV) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Instrumentação. |
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Data corrente: |
03/10/2011 |
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Data da última atualização: |
30/01/2019 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
A - 1 |
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Autoria: |
BRITTO, D. de; FREDERICO, F. R.; ASSIS, O. B. G. |
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Afiliação: |
ODILIO BENEDITO GARRIDO DE ASSIS, CNPDIA. |
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Título: |
Optimization of N, N, N-trimethylchitosan synthesis by factorial design. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2011 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Polymer international, London, v. 60, p. 910-915, 2011. |
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DOI: |
10.1002/pi.3038 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Factorial design; Optimization; Otimização; Peso molecular; Projeto fatorial. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Molecular weight. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 00647naa a2200217 a 4500
001 1902133
005 2019-01-30
008 2011 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1002/pi.3038$2DOI
100 1 $aBRITTO, D. de
245 $aOptimization of N, N, N-trimethylchitosan synthesis by factorial design.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2011
650 $aMolecular weight
653 $aFactorial design
653 $aOptimization
653 $aOtimização
653 $aPeso molecular
653 $aProjeto fatorial
700 1 $aFREDERICO, F. R.
700 1 $aASSIS, O. B. G.
773 $tPolymer international, London$gv. 60, p. 910-915, 2011.
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