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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Florestas. |
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Data corrente: |
15/09/2008 |
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Data da última atualização: |
15/09/2008 |
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Autoria: |
CHELINHO, S.; LOPES, I.; NATAL-DA-LUZ, T.; DOMENE, X.; ANDRADE, A.; ESPINDOLA, E.; RIBEIRO, R.; SOUSA, J. P. |
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Título: |
Assessing the impact of pesticides in tropical ecosystems: a case study with carbofuran in Brazil. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2008 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SOIL ZOOLOGY, 15; INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON APTERYGOTA, 12., 2008, Curitiba. Biodiversity, conservation and sustainabele management of soil animal: abstracts. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas. Editors: George Gardner Brown; Klaus Dieter Sautter; Renato Marques; Amarildo Pasini. 1 CD-ROM. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
The impact of pesticide application under tropical conditions is poorly understood compared
with temperate systems [1], in part due to a lack of information with regard to contaminant fate
(e.g. which compartment/s) and effects (e.g. species sensitivity differences). Regarding the
water compartment, contamination of groundwater (due to leaching) and surface waters (by
runoff-related pesticide inputs from agricultural fields, due to unpredictable heavy rainfalls that
frequently occur after pesticide applications), is a frequent and severe problem in subtropical
and tropical environments.
This study aims to improve the assessment of ecotoxicological effects of pesticide applications
in agricultural areas in the Tropics using an integrated approach with gathered information from
soil and aquatic compartments. To achieve this main goal, three specific objectives were
delineated: (i) to characterize ecotoxicologically a tropical soil after the spraying of carbofuran,
with regard to the maintenance of the habitat and retention functions of the contaminated soil;
(ii) to evaluate the potential indirect effects of the pesticide spraying on aquatic biota due to
surface runoff and leaching; and, (iii) to develop cost-effective and ready amenable to
standardization systems to perform laboratory simulations of both pesticide sprayings, surface
runoff and leaching events, and evaluate these systems through the comparison of field and
laboratory assay results.
Carbofuran (Furadan 350 SC ? 350g a.i./l), a widely used insecticide in sugar cane crops, was
selected as model substance. In field assay, three simulations of a pesticide spraying over an
agricultural field (with no background of pesticide contamination, located in São Carlos, (SP,
Brazil)) were performed to (i) evaluate soil toxicity, (ii) evaluate aquatic toxicity due to leaching
(by simulating a continuous rainfall, allowing the water to leachate) and (iii) evaluate aquatic
toxicity due to surface runoff (by simulating heavy rainfall and collecting the runoff water).
The same methodology was applied in the laboratory assay but using plastic devices (1.10 x
0.49 x 0.17m) filled with uncontaminated soil collected in the same area where the field assay
was conducted. For both assays, standard ecotoxicological tests were performed with soil (E.
andrei, F. candida and E. crypticus) and aquatic organisms (C. silvestrii,) using serial dilutions
of soil, leachate and runnoff samples.
Results show that, generally, when comparing toxicity from field and laboratory contaminated
soil, a slightly higher toxicity was observed in the field. Carbofuran toxicity was much higher for
aquatic than for soil organisms. For the latest, among the three tested species, the most affected
group were collembolans, followed by earthworms and enchytraeids. Though some
improvements are needed, the laboratory simulator proved to be a valuable tool to evaluate
toxic effects of pesticide sprayings in soils and the potential risks for aquatic compartments. MenosThe impact of pesticide application under tropical conditions is poorly understood compared
with temperate systems [1], in part due to a lack of information with regard to contaminant fate
(e.g. which compartment/s) and effects (e.g. species sensitivity differences). Regarding the
water compartment, contamination of groundwater (due to leaching) and surface waters (by
runoff-related pesticide inputs from agricultural fields, due to unpredictable heavy rainfalls that
frequently occur after pesticide applications), is a frequent and severe problem in subtropical
and tropical environments.
This study aims to improve the assessment of ecotoxicological effects of pesticide applications
in agricultural areas in the Tropics using an integrated approach with gathered information from
soil and aquatic compartments. To achieve this main goal, three specific objectives were
delineated: (i) to characterize ecotoxicologically a tropical soil after the spraying of carbofuran,
with regard to the maintenance of the habitat and retention functions of the contaminated soil;
(ii) to evaluate the potential indirect effects of the pesticide spraying on aquatic biota due to
surface runoff and leaching; and, (iii) to develop cost-effective and ready amenable to
standardization systems to perform laboratory simulations of both pesticide sprayings, surface
runoff and leaching events, and evaluate these systems through the comparison of field and
laboratory assay results.
Carbofuran (Furadan 350 SC ?... Mostrar Tudo |
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Categoria do assunto: |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03861naa a2200205 a 4500
001 1314809
005 2008-09-15
008 2008 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aCHELINHO, S.
245 $aAssessing the impact of pesticides in tropical ecosystems$ba case study with carbofuran in Brazil.
260 $c2008
520 $aThe impact of pesticide application under tropical conditions is poorly understood compared with temperate systems [1], in part due to a lack of information with regard to contaminant fate (e.g. which compartment/s) and effects (e.g. species sensitivity differences). Regarding the water compartment, contamination of groundwater (due to leaching) and surface waters (by runoff-related pesticide inputs from agricultural fields, due to unpredictable heavy rainfalls that frequently occur after pesticide applications), is a frequent and severe problem in subtropical and tropical environments. This study aims to improve the assessment of ecotoxicological effects of pesticide applications in agricultural areas in the Tropics using an integrated approach with gathered information from soil and aquatic compartments. To achieve this main goal, three specific objectives were delineated: (i) to characterize ecotoxicologically a tropical soil after the spraying of carbofuran, with regard to the maintenance of the habitat and retention functions of the contaminated soil; (ii) to evaluate the potential indirect effects of the pesticide spraying on aquatic biota due to surface runoff and leaching; and, (iii) to develop cost-effective and ready amenable to standardization systems to perform laboratory simulations of both pesticide sprayings, surface runoff and leaching events, and evaluate these systems through the comparison of field and laboratory assay results. Carbofuran (Furadan 350 SC ? 350g a.i./l), a widely used insecticide in sugar cane crops, was selected as model substance. In field assay, three simulations of a pesticide spraying over an agricultural field (with no background of pesticide contamination, located in São Carlos, (SP, Brazil)) were performed to (i) evaluate soil toxicity, (ii) evaluate aquatic toxicity due to leaching (by simulating a continuous rainfall, allowing the water to leachate) and (iii) evaluate aquatic toxicity due to surface runoff (by simulating heavy rainfall and collecting the runoff water). The same methodology was applied in the laboratory assay but using plastic devices (1.10 x 0.49 x 0.17m) filled with uncontaminated soil collected in the same area where the field assay was conducted. For both assays, standard ecotoxicological tests were performed with soil (E. andrei, F. candida and E. crypticus) and aquatic organisms (C. silvestrii,) using serial dilutions of soil, leachate and runnoff samples. Results show that, generally, when comparing toxicity from field and laboratory contaminated soil, a slightly higher toxicity was observed in the field. Carbofuran toxicity was much higher for aquatic than for soil organisms. For the latest, among the three tested species, the most affected group were collembolans, followed by earthworms and enchytraeids. Though some improvements are needed, the laboratory simulator proved to be a valuable tool to evaluate toxic effects of pesticide sprayings in soils and the potential risks for aquatic compartments.
700 1 $aLOPES, I.
700 1 $aNATAL-DA-LUZ, T.
700 1 $aDOMENE, X.
700 1 $aANDRADE, A.
700 1 $aESPINDOLA, E.
700 1 $aRIBEIRO, R.
700 1 $aSOUSA, J. P.
773 $tIn: INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SOIL ZOOLOGY, 15; INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON APTERYGOTA, 12., 2008, Curitiba. Biodiversity, conservation and sustainabele management of soil animal: abstracts. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas. Editors: George Gardner Brown; Klaus Dieter Sautter; Renato Marques; Amarildo Pasini. 1 CD-ROM.
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Embrapa Florestas (CNPF) |
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