02446naa a2200265 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902200140006002400350007410000170010924501000012626000090022652017050023565000090194070000170194970000160196670000180198270000140200070000250201470000180203970000130205770000200207070000160209077300740210619817292022-04-04       2013    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d  a1345-26307 a10.1007/s10327-012-0421-72DOI1 aAKAMATSU, H.  aPathogenic diversity of soybean rust in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.h[electronic resource]  c2013  aPhakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of soybean rust, is an economically important pathogen of soybean in South America. Understanding the pathogenicity of indigenous fungal populations is useful for identifying resistant plant genotypes and targeting effective cultivars against certain populations. Fifty-nine rust populations from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay were evaluated for pathogenicity in three cropping seasons, 2007/2008?2009/2010, using 16 soybean differentials. Only two pairs of P. pachyrhizi populations displayed identical pathogenicity profiles, indicating substantial pathogenic variation in the rust populations. Comparative analysis of 59 South American and five Japanese samples revealed that pathogenic differences were not only detected within South America but also distinct between the P. pachyrhizi populations from South America and Japan. In addition, seasonal changes in rust pathogenicity were detected during the sampling period. The differentials containing resistance genes (Rpp: resistance to P. p achyrhizi) Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, and Rpp4, except for Plant Introduction (PI) 587880A, displayed a resistant reaction to only 1.8?14, 24?28, 22, and 36 % of South American P. pachyrhizi populations, respectively. In contrast, PI 587880A (Rpp1), Shiranui (Rpp5), and 3 Rpp-unknown differentials (PI 587855, PI 587905, and PI 594767A) showed a resistant reaction to 78?96 % of all populations. This study demonstrated that P. pachyrhizi populations from South America vary geographically and temporally in pathogenicity and that the known Rpp genes other than Rpp1 in PI 587880A and Rpp5 have been less effective against recent pathogen populations in the countries studied.  aSoja1 aYAMANAKA, N.1 aYAMAOKA, Y.1 aSOARES, R. M.1 aMOREL, W.1 aIVANCOVICH, A. J. G.1 aBOGADO, A. N.1 aKATO, M.1 aYORINORI, J. T.1 aSUENAGA, K.  tJournal of General Plant Pathologygv. 79, n. 1, p. 28-40, Jan. 2013.