03256nam a2200349 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902000180006010000180007824500410009626000360013752023200017365000190249365000210251265000170253365000160255065000230256665000180258965000090260765000270261665000260264365000170266965300280268665300300271465300260274465300110277065300260278165300260280765300270283365300290286070000170288915574381997-10-10       1995    bl uuuu      00u1 u    #d  a0-12-425060-21 aKRAMER, P. J.  aWater relations of plants and soils.  aSan Diego: Academic Pressc1995  aHistorical review. The century after hales. The second half of the 19th century. Early plant physiology in the United States. The 20th century. Some general concepts. The situation today. Supplementary reading. Functions and properties of water. Functions of water in plants. Properties of water. Properties of aqueous solutions. Supplementary reading. Cell water relations. Soil and water Important characteristics of soils. Soil water terminology. Water movement within soils. Measurement of soil water. Control of soil water. Supplementary reading. Roots and root systems. Functions of roots. Root growth. The absorbing zone of roots. Development of root systems. Environmental factors affecting root growth. Methods of studying root systems. The absorption of water and root and stem pressures. Absorption mechanisms. Characteristics of root pressure exudation. Stem pressures. Latex and oleoresins. Absorption of dew and fog through leaves. Factors affecting water absorption through roots. Efflux of water from roots and hydraulic lift.  Supplementary reading. Transpiration and the ascent of sap. The process of transpiration.Other factors affecting transpiration. Measurement of transpiration and evaporation. The ascent of sap. Conduction in leaves. Use of xylem sap by parasites. Supplementary reading. Stomata and gas exchange. Stomatal functioning. Factors affecting stomatal aperture. Anomalous behavior of stomata. Optimization. Diffusive capacity of stomata. Bulk flow in leaves. Measurement of stomatal aperture and conductance. Supplementary reading. Ion transport and nitrogen metabolism. Ion uptake and transport. Nitrogen metabolism. Dehydration and root/shoot signals. Dehydration and enzyme activity. Supplementary reading. Photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis and water availability. Mechanisms of the photosynthesis response. Acclimation. Recovery. Translocation. Supplementary reading. Growth. Growth of single cells. Growth in complex tissues. Transpiration and growth. Growth at low water potentials. Ecological and agricultural significance. Supplementary reading. Evolution and agricultural water use. Measuring evolutionary pressures. Environmental limitations on yield. Water use efficiency. Drought tolerance. Water deficits and reproduction. Desiccation. Antitranspirants.  aphotosynthesis  aplant physiology  aroot systems  aCrescimento  aFisiologia Vegetal  aFotossíntese  aRaiz  aRelação Água-Planta  aRelação Solo-Planta  aRespiração  aCaracterística do solo  aControle de água no solo  aCrescimento da planta  aGrowth  aPlant water relations  aPlants soil relations  aRespiração da planta  aTranspiração da planta1 aBOYER, J. S.