04919nam a2200313 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000270006024500950008726000610018230000100024350001550025352039150040865000190432365000150434265000140435765000350437165000150440665000160442165000400443765000170447765000160449465300180451065300130452865300080454165300140454965300140456365300280457713364432002-11-22       1999    bl uuuu  m   00u1 u    #d1 aBREFIN, M. de L. M. S.  aGIS and spatio-temporal modelling for the study of alluvial soil and vegetation evolution.  aLausanne, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausannec1999  a144p.  aThese n. 1989 (1999) Presentee au Departement de Genie Rural Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne pour l obtention du grade de Docteur es Sciences.  aWithin the Pedological domain, this work comes within the scope of enviromental research aiming at the analysis of the sensitivity of the aluvial ecosystems to natural and anthropic changes. Within the GIS domain, this research comes within the escope of the GIS design methodologies applied to differente thematic domains, and on the other hand into the research concerning the integration of time into GIS applications. The interest of alluvial zones is the fact that these ecosystems have a large complexity and biological diversity, with surpasses, in general, that from other temperate environments because of their rapid dynamic. This dynamic, running in a human scale, permits reliable historical reconstruction. In spite of their ecological interest (e.g. large diversity of species, land-water interface, flood regulator...), these ecosystems are among the most threatened in Europe because of the high degree of man-induced alteration. This research has pursued a double aim: On the one hand, it is a matter of improving our knowledge about alluvial environmente upon human action, and particularly about the formation, evolution, the presente-day variability and spatial distribution of soil. On the other hand, the focus is done in the design of a GIS methodology able to integrate the the spatio-temporal information and the particularity of environmental research. In order to fulfil these objectives, this research relies onan integrated approach that combines synchronic and diachronic approaches into a double research methodology: a pedological methodology and a GIS design methodology that integrates the spatio-temporal information.  With such an approach we were able to study the present-day state of soils in relationships to the change sequence lead by fluvial dynamics and/or human interventions. The benefits from such na interdisciplinary research are: 1. To offer to the pedological experts a methodological framework useful for the structuring of the scientific reasoning, for the expressoion of the causal relationships and for the application modelling. In addition, the basis for a most adequate choice of the GIS technology to the implementation of the aplication is also given. Such na application allows GIS experts to identify new spatio-temporal structures that should be take in the consideration into the modelling process, as well as the identification other particularities related to the dynamic of alluvial environment. In addition, such na application can also gives new insights for the spatio-temporal GIS specifications. This research has provided the means to answer the principal questions addressed in the literature about spatio-temporal modelling: "what, where, when". In the present study, the tematic (changes in land cover), the spatial (the location of changes) and the temporal component (when changes have happen) were anwered. As an extension of the triad model, the explanation of the how (information about the landscape structure-fragmentation and change quality) were also adressed. Based on the site history, hypotheses were drawn about the why of changes and the site evolution. This research could bring useful data and knowledge for the management and the protection of alluvial zones, as suggested in the Federal Edict. More precisely, this work has showed that the anthropic impacts (e.g. embanking, river rectification,...), as well as flooding, has played na important role in the formation and evolution of the soil and the vegetation of the Sarine River`s floodplain. As a result, this floodplain has become dryer (stabilisation of the main channel and the riverbanks, river deepening...). At the time, the floodplain of the Sarine River is dominated by the forest categories, with an indeterminate status (in detriment to the pioneer and intermediate categories). The vegetation is less diverse and loses its alluvial characted quickly.  aalluvial soils  aecosystems  aevolution  ageographic information systems  avegetation  aEcossistema  aSistema de Informação Geográfica  aSolo Aluvial  aVegetação  aAlluvial soil  aEvolucao  aGIS  aModelagem  aModelling  aSolo aluvial: Vegetacao