03573nam a2200325 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902000180006010000180007824500460009626000300014230000100017252027860018265000170296865000220298565000130300765000290302065000160304965000180306565000160308365000110309965300120311065300080312265300080313065300120313865300400315065300160319065300300320665300110323611999002002-07-22       1979    bl uuuu      00u1 u    #d  a0-07-084088-11 aSPRENT, J. I.  aThe biology of nitrogen-fixing organisms.  aLondon: McGraw-Hillc1979  a196p.  aThe range of nitrogen-fixing organisms. Bateria. Blue-green algae. Bacterial symbioses. Legume root nodules. Non-legume root nodules. Infection of a non-legume by rhizobium. Blue-green algal symbioses. Lichens. Bryophytes. Pteridophytes - azolla. Cycads. Angiosperms - gunnera. Diatoms. General comments on the blue-green algal symbioses. The metabolic problems of biological nitrogen fixation. The nitrogenase enzyme: energy requirements. Substrate versatility of nitrogenase. Supply of reductant. General considerations. The solutions. Living without oxygen. Spatial separation of oxigen-evolving photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Temporal separation of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Learning to live without oxygen. Living with an oxigen consumer - associative symbiosis. Letting a eukaryote cell solve the problem. Legumes. Non-legumes. Ammonium assimilation. Symbiotic systems. Nitrogen fixation and agriculture. Legumes. General factors affecting nodule activity. Efficiency of nitrogen fixation in legumes. Does fixation meet the nitrogen needs of the plant?. Forage/pasture legumes. grain legumes. Nodule senescence. Environmental effects on legume nitrogen fixation. Temperature. Water relations. Salinity and associated effects. pH. Nutrient effects. Presence of suitable rhizobia. Free-living bacteria. Associative symbiosis (bacteria - angiosperm). Blue-green algae. Symbiotic blue-green algal associations - azolla. Non-legume symbiosis. Nitrogen fixation and forestry. Nitrogen budgets and demands in forests. Direct use of nitrogen-fixing species. Symbiotic angiosperm as sources of nitrogen for trees. Other non-legumes. Other legumes. Nitrogen fixation by free-living micro-organisms in forests. Nitrogen fixation in natural ecosystems. Aquatic systems. Fresh water. Marine. Estuarine regions. Associative fixation in aquatic systems. Terrestrial systems. Soils. Phyllosphere. Rhizosphere associations. Pioneer associations. Three-membered symbioses. Climax situations. Evolution, past and future. Ancestral role of nitrogenase. Evolution of modern nitrogen-fixing species. Possibilities for making new nitrogen-fixing organisms. Manufacture of new symbioses. Incorporation of nif into other species. Potential for improvement of nitrogen fixation in existing species. Is industrial use of nif a realistic possibility?. Short-term prospects. Use of hydrogen. Some methods of measuring nitrogen fixation. Growth in weight. Total nitrogen. Simultaneous analysis of C and N. Isotopic methods. Radio isotopes. Stable isotopes. Methods of 15N analysis. Indirect methods based on 15N. The acetylene reduction assay. Bases for comparison between assays. Other methods. Manometry. haemoglobin measurement. Methods applicable tocell-free extracts. Rhizobiology.  amicrobiology  anitrogen fixation  aBiologia  aFixação de Nitrogênio  aMetabolismo  aMicrobiologia  aNitrogênio  aPlanta  aBiology  aBNF  aFBN  aFixacao  aFixação biológica de nitrogênio  aMetabolisms  aNitrogen fixing bactéria  aPlants