05472naa a2201345 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400270006010000190008724501270010626000090023350000370024252018340027965000190211365000210213265000190215365300140217265300180218665300210220470000200222570000230224570000230226870000220229170000230231370000200233670000220235670000240237870000200240270000230242270000210244570000210246670000170248770000150250470000160251970000180253570000190255370000140257270000230258670000230260970000260263270000200265870000220267870000200270070000200272070000180274070000200275870000180277870000180279670000230281470000270283770000250286470000170288970000190290670000260292570000190295170000210297070000210299170000170301270000150302970000250304470000150306970000230308470000270310770000170313470000190315170000170317070000250318770000170321270000180322970000250324770000150327270000230328770000170331070000180332770000170334570000140336270000220337670000140339870000220341270000190343470000180345370000180347170000200348970000250350970000210353470000170355570000180357270000140359070000160360470000180362070000210363870000230365970000180368270000190370070000160371970000210373570000200375670000190377670000200379570000150381570000140383070000160384470000130386070000230387370000230389670000170391970000220393670000160395870000170397470000140399170000200400570000140402570000200403977300670405921561342023-12-04       2023    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1111/gcb.168212DOI1 aLIMA, R. B. de  aGiants of the AmazonbHow does environmental variation drive the diversity patterns of large trees?h[electronic resource]  c2023  aNa publicação: Joice Ferreira.  aFor more than three decades, major efforts in sampling and analyzing tree diversity in South America have focused almost exclusively on trees with stems of at least 10 and 2.5 cm diameter, showing highest species diversity in the wetter western and northern Amazon forests. By contrast, little attention has been paid to patterns and drivers of diversity in the largest canopy and emergent trees, which is surprising given these have dominant ecological functions. Here, we use a machine learning approach to quantify the importance of environmental factors and apply it to generate spatial predictions of the species diversity of all trees (dbh ? 10 cm) and for very large trees (dbh ? 70 cm) using data from 243 forest plots (108,450 trees and 2832 species) distributed across different forest types and biogeographic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The diversity of large trees and of all trees was significantly associated with three environmental factors, but in contrasting ways across regions and forest types. Environmental variables associated with disturbances, for example, the lightning flash rate and wind speed, as well as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, tend to govern the diversity of large trees. Upland rainforests in the Guiana Shield and Roraima regions had a high diversity of large trees. By contrast, variables associated with resources tend to govern tree diversity in general. Places such as the province of Imeri and the northern portion of the province of Madeira stand out for their high diversity of species in general. Climatic and topographic stability and functional adaptation mechanisms promote ideal conditions for species diversity. Finally, we mapped general patterns of tree species diversity in the Brazilian Amazon, which differ substantially depending on size class.  aForest ecology  aForest inventory  aRemote sensing  aBig trees  aDiversity map  aSpecies richness1 aGÖRGENS, E. B.1 aSILVA, D. A. S. da1 aOLIVEIRA, C. P. de1 aBATISTA, A. P. B.1 aFERREIRA, R. L. C.1 aCOSTA, F. R. C.1 aLIMA, R. A. F. de1 aAPARÍCIO, P. da S.1 aABREU, J. C. de1 aSILVA, J. A. A. da1 aGUIMARAES, A. F.1 aFEARNSIDE, P. M.1 aSOUSA, T. R.1 aPERDIZ, R.1 aHIGUCHI, N.1 aBERENGUER, E.1 aRESENDE, A. F.1 aELIAS, F.1 aCASTILHO, C. V. de1 aMEDEIROS, M. B. de1 aMATOS FILHO, J. R. de1 aSARDINHA, M. A.1 aFREITAS, M. A. F.1 aSILVA, J. J. da1 aCUNHA, A. P. da1 aSANTOS, R. M.1 aMUELBERT, A. E.1 aGUEDES, M. C.1 aIMBRÓZIO, R.1 aSOUSA, C. S. C. de1 aAPARÍCIO, W. C. da S.1 aSILVA, B. M. da S. e1 aSILVA, C. A.1 aMARIMON, B. S.1 aMARIMON JUNIOR, B. H.1 aMORANDI, P. S.1 aSTORCK-TONON, D.1 aVIEIRA, I. C. G.1 aSCHIETTI, J.1 aCOELHO, F.1 aALMEIDA, D. R. A. de1 aCASTRO, W.1 aCARVALHO, S. P. C.1 aSILVA, R. dos S. A. da1 aSILVEIRA, J.1 aCAMARGO, J. L.1 aMELGAÇO, K.1 aFREITAS, L. J. M. de1 aVEDOVATO, L.1 aBENCHIMOL, M.1 aALMEIDA, G. de O. de1 aPRANCE, G.1 aSILVEIRA, A. B. da1 aSIMON, M. F.1 aGARCIA, M. L.1 aSILVEIRA, M.1 aVITAL, M.1 aANDRADE, M. B. T.1 aSILVA, N.1 aARAÚJO, R. O. de1 aCAVALHEIRO, L.1 aCARPANEDO, R.1 aFERNANDES, L.1 aMANZATTO, A. G.1 aANDRADE, R. T. G. de1 aMAGNUSSON, W. E.1 aLAURANCE, B.1 aNELSON, B. W.1 aPERES, C.1 aDALY, D. C.1 aRODRIGUES, D.1 aZOPELETTO, A. P.1 aOLIVEIRA, E. A. de1 aDUGACHARD, E.1 aBARBOSA, F. R.1 aSANTANA, F.1 aAMARAL, I. L. do1 aFERREIRA, L. V.1 aCHARÃO, L. S.1 aFERREIRA, J. N.1 aBARLOW, J.1 aBLANC, L.1 aARAGÃO, L.1 aSIST, P.1 aSALOMÃO, R. de P.1 aSILVA, A. S. L. da1 aLAURANCE, S.1 aFELDPAUSCH, T. R.1 aGARDNER, T.1 aSANTIAGO, W.1 aBALEE, W.1 aLAURANCE, W. F.1 aMALHI, Y.1 aPHILLIPS, O. L.  tGlobal Change Biology, 2023gv. 29, n. 17, p. 4861-4879, 2023.