03106naa a2200337 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400380006010000210009824502030011926000090032252019860033165000160231765000330233365000160236665000290238265000130241165000220242470000300244670000200247670000240249670000290252070000180254970000200256770000160258770000190260370000270262270000200264970000250266977300740269421543472023-06-07       2021    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.21475/ajcs.21.15.08.p29082DOI1 aMARTORANO, L. G.  aAgricultural and livestock production in the Amazonba reflection on the necessity of adoption of integrated production strategies in the western region of the state of Pará.h[electronic resource]  c2021  aThe Brazilian Amazon has a large bovine herd and is an important exporter of meat from cattle and is also one of the most competitive regions  for  exportation  of  animal  protein.  Conventional  extensive  cattle  ranching  management  has  been  a  strategy  promoted  by public  policies  and  has  contributed  to  the  processes  of  occupation  of  the  region  through  modification  of  public  lands  with  native  forests.  The  objective  of  this  study  was  to  analyze  the  fundamental  elements  that  have  sustained  conventional  extensive  cattle ranching in the Amazon and to demonstrate new strategies to change this paradigm, with a focus on western Pará. Data from the Brazilian  Institute  of  Geography  and  Statistics  (IBGE)  on  cattle  ranching  production  between  1990  and  2019  were  analyzed  and  separated  into  two  periods,  1990-2000,  and  2001-2019.  Meteorological  data  from  western  Pará  were  analyzed  to  describe  the agrometeorological conditions  (1989 -2012)  with respect to the  hydrological regime and its controls on the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Results show that the largest greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) from ruminants occurs during the dry season due to pasture forage grasses that are highly lignified. In contrast, lower emissions occur from diets rich in proteins and lipids, with subsequent gains in  productivity,  thus  indicating  the  benefits  of  pastures  with  well-managed  grasses.  It  is  believed  that  cattle  ranchers  will  adopt integrated systems such as integration of crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) when they are able to understand that climate conditions can be  allied  with  sustainability  indicators  of  the  production  chain.  This  paradigm  shift  in  production  systems  applies  not  only  to environmental  and  economic  aspects,  but  especially  to  social  ones  such  as  opportunities  to  hire  qualified  workers  coming  from regional agrarian science schools  aAgriculture  aEnvironmental sustainability  aAgricultura  aAgricultura Sustentável  aFloresta  aFloresta Tropical1 aMORAES, J. R. da S. C. de1 aSILVA, L. K. X.1 aFERNANDES, P. C. C.1 aAMARAL JÚNIOR, J. M. do1 aLISBOA, L. S.1 aNEVES, K. A. L.1 aPACHECO, A.1 aBELDINI, T. P.1 aAPARECIDO, L. E. de O.1 aSILVA, W. C. da1 aGODINHO, V. de P. C.  tAustralian Journal of Crop Sciencegv. 15, n. 08, p. 1102-1109, 2021.