02710naa a2200397 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400270006010000200008724501300010726000090023730000090024652016320025565000230188765000140191065000180192465000150194265000140195765000110197165000240198265000130200665000130201965000150203265000140204765300140206170000180207570000170209370000180211070000200212870000250214870000220217370000220219570000170221770000200223477300580225421473422023-01-10       2022    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1111/pim.129542DOI1 aPINHEIRO, N. B.  aSheep immune-stimulated with Saccharomyces boulardii show reduced prolificacy of Haemonchus contortus.h[electronic resource]  c2022  a6 p.  aHaemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic parasite for sheep. The objective was to evaluate immunomodulation of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in sheep experimentally infected with H. contortus. Twenty-four sheep were divided into three groups: one infected with 500 H. contortus larvae/day for 26 days and supplemented with S. boulardii (40 ml with 1 × 108 CFU/ml/day); a control group only infected with H. contortus but not supplemented; and a naïve group that never came into contact with either parasites or S. boulardii. To assess the humoral immune response, production of specific serum IgG anti-somatic H. contortus antigen was evaluated through indirect ELISA. To assess the cellular immune response, cell populations and cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) production were evaluated through flow cytometry. For parasitological analyses, the counts of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and larvae per faecal culture were assessed. At all the study points, the concentration of IgG anti-H. contortus was higher (p &lt .05) in the S. boulardii group than in the other groups. The cell analysis revealed that there were significantly higher numbers (p &lt .05) of cells expressing MHC-II and significantly higher numbers (p &lt .05) of eosinophils in the mucosa in the S. boulardii group. Significant expression of IL-10 was observed only in the control infected group. There were significant reductions (p &lt .05) in EPG and larval counts in the S. boulardii supplemented group. These results show that S. boulardii supplementation modulated the immune response against H. contortus, thereby reducing its infection.  aBiological control  aHelminths  aImmune system  aProbiotics  aRuminants  aYeasts  aControle Biológico  aFermento  aHelminto  aNematóide  aRuminante  aNematodes1 aGASPAR, E. B.1 aMINHO, A. P.1 aDOMINGUES, R.1 aMOURA, M. Q. DE1 aVARELA JUNIOR, A. S.1 aCAPELLA, G. DE A.1 aSTROTHMANN, A. L.1 aTERTO, W. D.1 aLEITE, F. P. L.  tParasite Immunologygv. 44, n. 12, e12954, Dec. 2022.