02180naa a2200277 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001910000230006024500720008326000090015550000790016452013220024365000150156565000140158065000160159465000130161065000210162365300320164465300330167665300320170965300310174165300370177270000160180970000170182577300600184221136052019-10-31       2019    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d1 aPARANHOS, B. A. J.  aBiological control of fruit flies in Brazil.h[electronic resource]  c2019  aTítulo em português: Controle biológico de moscas-das-frutas no Brasil.  aFruit flies are the main pests of fruit growing in Brazil. They have been managed predominantly with the use of insecticides applied as cover spray and/or as toxic baits. Currently, the trend of management strategies is toward the adoption of methods that cause the lowest environmental impact in large areas. In this context, biological control is an excellent option to be used together with other management strategies, such as sterile insects, because it leaves no residues, does not disturb nontarget pests, and can be permanent if the natural enemy establishes itself in the field. This review paper addresses the current knowledge on the biological control of fruit flies in Brazil, highlighting the great biodiversity of its natural enemies, especially parasitoids, its biology and ecology. The classical biological control programs in Brazil are also reported, from the introduction of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in 1937, for the control of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), to that of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in 2012, for the control of Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Finally, the obtained advances are pointed out, as well as the main bottlenecks and perspectives for the effective use of biological control programs against fruit flies.  aBraconidae  aFigitidae  aFruit flies  aDíptera  aMosca das Frutas  aBiological control programs  aClassical biological control  aControle biológico natural  aNatural biological control  aProgramas de controle biológico1 aNAVA, D. E.1 aMALAVASI, A.  tPesquisa Agropecuária Brasileiragv. 54, e26037, 2019.