02651naa a2200373 a 450000100080000000500110000800800410001902400350006010000190009524501620011426000090027652015530028565000130183865000160185165000150186765000110188265000120189365000190190565000200192465000190194465000150196365000220197865000140200065000190201465000250203365000220205865300240208065300310210465300140213565300160214970000150216570000170218077300800219720430822017-08-10       2016    bl uuuu     u00u1 u    #d7 a10.1007/s11240-015-0874-42DOI1 aFALEIRO, F. G.  aRegeneration of fertile, hexaploid, interspecific hybrids of elephantgrass and pearl millet following treatment of embryogenic calli with antimitotic agents.  c2016  aAbstract: Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, 2n = 4x = 28) produces large amounts of biomass in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered a prime candidate for lignocellulosic biofuel production. Interspecific hybridization between elephantgrass and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, 2n = 2x = 14) may allow improvement of drought tolerance and biomass quality. These interspecific hybrids are male and female sterile due to their triploid genome (2n = 3x = 21). Chromosome doubling of the triploid hybrids may restore fertility, permitting a backcross with the recurrent or other elephantgrass parents to enhance biomass yield and persistence. In this study, chromosome doubling of productive interspecific hybrids was performed in vitro. Immature inflorescence cross-sections of five interspecific hybrids with good agronomic performance were used as explants for establishment of embryogenic tissue cultures. These calli were treated with different antimitotic agents, oryzalin or trifluralin. Chromosome doubling was achieved in all five interspecific hybrids and a total of 74 plants with altered ploidy were confirmed by flow cytometry. Stomatal size determination was a suitable screening tool for identification of hexaploid events. Genotypes MN18 and MN51 had the highest number of plants with altered ploidy of 29 and 27, respectively. Oryzalin at 5 µM was the most effective antimitotic treatment and produced 55 of the 74 plants with altered ploidy. The most vigorous lines were grown to maturity and produced viable pollen.  aBiofuels  aChromosomes  aFeedstocks  aForage  aStomata  aTissue culture  aBiocombustível  aCapim elefante  aCromossoma  aCultura de tecido  aEstômato  aMatéria prima  aPennisetum Purpureum  aPlanta forrageira  aCitometria de fluxo  aDuplicação de cromossomo  aOrizalina  aTrifuralina1 aKANNAN, B.1 aALTPETER, F.  tPlant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culturegv. 124, n. 1, p. 57-67, January 2016.