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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura. |
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Data corrente: |
07/04/2015 |
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Data da última atualização: |
07/04/2015 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Autoria: |
PEREIRA, L. E. T.; PAIVA, A. J.; GUARDA, V. D. A.; PEREIRA, P. de M.; CAMINHA, F. O.; SILVA, S. C. da. |
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Afiliação: |
LILIAN ELGALISE TECHIO PEREIRA, USP; ADENILSON JOSE PAIVA, ESALQ; VITOR DEL ALAMO GUARDA, CNPASA; PRISCILA DE MESQUITA PEREIRA, ESALQ; FABIO OLEGARIO CAMINHA, ESALQ; SILA CARNEIRO DA SILVA, ESALQ. |
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Título: |
Herbage utilisation efficiency of continuously stocked marandu palisade grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2015 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Scientia Agricola, Piracicaba, v. 72, n. 2, p. 114-123, Mar./Apr. 2015. |
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DOI: |
10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0013 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Nitrogen fertiliser accelerates plant growth and increases herbage utilisation efficiency in continuously stocked temperate grass swards, indicating greater herbage production and harvest efficiency. There is no similar evidence, however, for tropical pastures. In this study we evaluated the morphogenetic responses, the patterns of defoliation and the efficiency of herbage utilisation of continuously stocked marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu) maintained at 30 cm by cattle and fertilised with nitrogen. Treatments corresponded to four measures of nitrogen application (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1), and were assigned to experimental units (1,200 m2 paddocks) according to a randomised complete block design, with four replications. There was a seasonal pattern of variation in the morphogenetic responses and in herbage utilisation efficiency (HUE) characterised by higher herbage growth rates and HUE during late spring and summer. Nitrogen fertilisation increased both leaf appearance and elongation rates (around 60 % between non-fertilised and swards fertilised with 450 kg ha?1, p < 0.05), requiring higher stocking rates (average of 1.6, 2.6, 2.9 and 3.1 Animal Unit (adult animal weighing 450 kg) ha?1 for 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1, respectively) to maintain the management target. Although the frequency of leaf defoliation increased (with no change in defoliation severity - 56.1 ± 1.88 %), the leaf lifespan decreased, resulting in a similar number of defoliations during the leaf lifespan (average of 0.91 ± 0.069). This resulted in increased HUE only for the 150 kg ha?1 treatment relative to non-fertilisation (37.5, 48.1, 44.0 and 44.5 ± 2.25 % for 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1 N, respectively), indicating that with nitrogen fertilisation rates above 150 kg ha?1, there are compensatory mechanisms related to morphogenetic responses that buffer changes in utilisation efficiency. MenosNitrogen fertiliser accelerates plant growth and increases herbage utilisation efficiency in continuously stocked temperate grass swards, indicating greater herbage production and harvest efficiency. There is no similar evidence, however, for tropical pastures. In this study we evaluated the morphogenetic responses, the patterns of defoliation and the efficiency of herbage utilisation of continuously stocked marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu) maintained at 30 cm by cattle and fertilised with nitrogen. Treatments corresponded to four measures of nitrogen application (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1), and were assigned to experimental units (1,200 m2 paddocks) according to a randomised complete block design, with four replications. There was a seasonal pattern of variation in the morphogenetic responses and in herbage utilisation efficiency (HUE) characterised by higher herbage growth rates and HUE during late spring and summer. Nitrogen fertilisation increased both leaf appearance and elongation rates (around 60 % between non-fertilised and swards fertilised with 450 kg ha?1, p < 0.05), requiring higher stocking rates (average of 1.6, 2.6, 2.9 and 3.1 Animal Unit (adult animal weighing 450 kg) ha?1 for 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1, respectively) to maintain the management target. Although the frequency of leaf defoliation increased (with no change in defoliation severity - 56.1 ± 1.88 %), the leaf lifespan decreased, resulting in... Mostrar Tudo |
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Thesagro: |
Brachiaria brizantha; Fertilizante nitrogenado; Forragem; Manejo. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Defoliation; Forage; Grazing management. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/121931/1/sa.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02812naa a2200277 a 4500
001 2012912
005 2015-04-07
008 2015 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0013$2DOI
100 1 $aPEREIRA, L. E. T.
245 $aHerbage utilisation efficiency of continuously stocked marandu palisade grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2015
520 $aNitrogen fertiliser accelerates plant growth and increases herbage utilisation efficiency in continuously stocked temperate grass swards, indicating greater herbage production and harvest efficiency. There is no similar evidence, however, for tropical pastures. In this study we evaluated the morphogenetic responses, the patterns of defoliation and the efficiency of herbage utilisation of continuously stocked marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu) maintained at 30 cm by cattle and fertilised with nitrogen. Treatments corresponded to four measures of nitrogen application (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1), and were assigned to experimental units (1,200 m2 paddocks) according to a randomised complete block design, with four replications. There was a seasonal pattern of variation in the morphogenetic responses and in herbage utilisation efficiency (HUE) characterised by higher herbage growth rates and HUE during late spring and summer. Nitrogen fertilisation increased both leaf appearance and elongation rates (around 60 % between non-fertilised and swards fertilised with 450 kg ha?1, p < 0.05), requiring higher stocking rates (average of 1.6, 2.6, 2.9 and 3.1 Animal Unit (adult animal weighing 450 kg) ha?1 for 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1, respectively) to maintain the management target. Although the frequency of leaf defoliation increased (with no change in defoliation severity - 56.1 ± 1.88 %), the leaf lifespan decreased, resulting in a similar number of defoliations during the leaf lifespan (average of 0.91 ± 0.069). This resulted in increased HUE only for the 150 kg ha?1 treatment relative to non-fertilisation (37.5, 48.1, 44.0 and 44.5 ± 2.25 % for 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg ha?1 N, respectively), indicating that with nitrogen fertilisation rates above 150 kg ha?1, there are compensatory mechanisms related to morphogenetic responses that buffer changes in utilisation efficiency.
650 $aDefoliation
650 $aForage
650 $aGrazing management
650 $aBrachiaria brizantha
650 $aFertilizante nitrogenado
650 $aForragem
650 $aManejo
700 1 $aPAIVA, A. J.
700 1 $aGUARDA, V. D. A.
700 1 $aPEREIRA, P. de M.
700 1 $aCAMINHA, F. O.
700 1 $aSILVA, S. C. da
773 $tScientia Agricola, Piracicaba$gv. 72, n. 2, p. 114-123, Mar./Apr. 2015.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura (CNPASA) |
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 | Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cpatu.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. |
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Data corrente: |
27/02/2008 |
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Data da última atualização: |
23/11/2022 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
Internacional - A |
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Autoria: |
DAVIDSON, E. A.; CARVALHO, C. J. R. de; FIGUEIRA, A. M.; ISHIDA, F. Y.; OMETTO, J. P. H. B.; NARDOTO, G. B.; SABÁ, R. T.; HAYASHI, S. N.; LEAL, E. C.; VIEIRA, I. C. G.; MARTINELLI, L. A. |
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Afiliação: |
Eric A. Davidson, The Woods Hole Research Center; CLAUDIO JOSE REIS DE CARVALHO, CPATU; Adelaine Michela Figueira, CENA; Françoise Yoko Ishida, CENA; Jean Pierre H. B. Ometto, CENA; Gabriela B. Nardoto, CENA; Renata Tuma Sabá, bolsista CPATU; Sanae N. Hayashi, MPEG; Eliane C. Leal, MPEG; Ima Célia G. Vieira, MPEG; Luiz A. Martinelli, CENA. |
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Título: |
Recuperation of nitrogen cycling in Amazonian forests following agricultural abandonment. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2007 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Nature, v. 447, n. 7147, p. 995-998, Jun. 2007. |
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DOI: |
10.1038/nature05900 |
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Idioma: |
Português |
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Notas: |
Disponível também on-line. |
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Conteúdo: |
Phosphorus (P) is generally considered the most common limiting nutrient for productivity of mature tropical lowland forests growing on highly weathered soils1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is often assumed that P limitation also applies to young tropical forests, but nitrogen (N) losses during land-use change may alter the stoichiometric balance of nutrient cycling processes. In the Amazon basin, about 16% of the original forest area has been cleared6, and about 30?50% of cleared land is estimated now to be in some stage of secondary forest succession following agricultural abandonment7. Here we use forest age chronosequences to demonstrate that young successional forests growing after agricultural abandonment on highly weathered lowland tropical soils exhibit conservative N-cycling properties much like those of N-limited forests on younger soils in temperate latitudes. As secondary succession progresses, N-cycling properties recover and the dominance of a conservative P cycle typical of mature lowland tropical forests re-emerges. These successional shifts in N:P cycling ratios with forest age provide a mechanistic explanation for initially lower and then gradually increasing soil emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The patterns of N and P cycling during secondary forest succession, demonstrated here over decadal timescales, are similar to N- and P-cycling patterns during primary succession as soils age over thousands and millions of years, thus revealing that N availability in terrestrial ecosystems is ephemeral and can be disrupted by either natural or anthropogenic disturbances at several timescales. MenosPhosphorus (P) is generally considered the most common limiting nutrient for productivity of mature tropical lowland forests growing on highly weathered soils1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is often assumed that P limitation also applies to young tropical forests, but nitrogen (N) losses during land-use change may alter the stoichiometric balance of nutrient cycling processes. In the Amazon basin, about 16% of the original forest area has been cleared6, and about 30?50% of cleared land is estimated now to be in some stage of secondary forest succession following agricultural abandonment7. Here we use forest age chronosequences to demonstrate that young successional forests growing after agricultural abandonment on highly weathered lowland tropical soils exhibit conservative N-cycling properties much like those of N-limited forests on younger soils in temperate latitudes. As secondary succession progresses, N-cycling properties recover and the dominance of a conservative P cycle typical of mature lowland tropical forests re-emerges. These successional shifts in N:P cycling ratios with forest age provide a mechanistic explanation for initially lower and then gradually increasing soil emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The patterns of N and P cycling during secondary forest succession, demonstrated here over decadal timescales, are similar to N- and P-cycling patterns during primary succession as soils age over thousands and millions of years, thus revealing that N availabi... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Brasil. |
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Thesagro: |
Agricultura; Floresta; Nitrogênio. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Amazonia. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 02556naa a2200325 a 4500
001 1409000
005 2022-11-23
008 2007 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1038/nature05900$2DOI
100 1 $aDAVIDSON, E. A.
245 $aRecuperation of nitrogen cycling in Amazonian forests following agricultural abandonment.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2007
500 $aDisponível também on-line.
520 $aPhosphorus (P) is generally considered the most common limiting nutrient for productivity of mature tropical lowland forests growing on highly weathered soils1, 2, 3, 4, 5. It is often assumed that P limitation also applies to young tropical forests, but nitrogen (N) losses during land-use change may alter the stoichiometric balance of nutrient cycling processes. In the Amazon basin, about 16% of the original forest area has been cleared6, and about 30?50% of cleared land is estimated now to be in some stage of secondary forest succession following agricultural abandonment7. Here we use forest age chronosequences to demonstrate that young successional forests growing after agricultural abandonment on highly weathered lowland tropical soils exhibit conservative N-cycling properties much like those of N-limited forests on younger soils in temperate latitudes. As secondary succession progresses, N-cycling properties recover and the dominance of a conservative P cycle typical of mature lowland tropical forests re-emerges. These successional shifts in N:P cycling ratios with forest age provide a mechanistic explanation for initially lower and then gradually increasing soil emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The patterns of N and P cycling during secondary forest succession, demonstrated here over decadal timescales, are similar to N- and P-cycling patterns during primary succession as soils age over thousands and millions of years, thus revealing that N availability in terrestrial ecosystems is ephemeral and can be disrupted by either natural or anthropogenic disturbances at several timescales.
650 $aAmazonia
650 $aAgricultura
650 $aFloresta
650 $aNitrogênio
653 $aBrasil
700 1 $aCARVALHO, C. J. R. de
700 1 $aFIGUEIRA, A. M.
700 1 $aISHIDA, F. Y.
700 1 $aOMETTO, J. P. H. B.
700 1 $aNARDOTO, G. B.
700 1 $aSABÁ, R. T.
700 1 $aHAYASHI, S. N.
700 1 $aLEAL, E. C.
700 1 $aVIEIRA, I. C. G.
700 1 $aMARTINELLI, L. A.
773 $tNature$gv. 447, n. 7147, p. 995-998, Jun. 2007.
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